Week 3 Flashcards
What are example of Crystalloids
Normal saline
D5w
Lactated ringers
What does Crystalloids contain
Dextrose electrolytes or a combination of these
What do colloids contain
Macromolecules and electrolytes
What are colloids
They are volume expanders
What are examples of non synthetic colloids
Albumin or plasmabumin
What are examples of synthetic colloids
Hespan or dextran
What is hypertonic solution
Draw water from the cells into the circulation
What is hypotonic solution
Allows water to shift from the capillaries to the tissue
What are the key points when priming the IV tubing
Keep it sterile Fill the drip chamber half full Don't piece the side of the bag Prime until all air is out Date and time the tubing
When do you assess for IV patency
Every shift prefer every hour
Why would you not force the IV to flush
Because it may have a clot on the end of it that may break off and travel to the heart
D/c the IV unless
IV is being changed because of infiltration or other issues
Unless it is routine 72 hours site change
Hypotonic solution
Draw water
0.45 saline
Free water
Hypertonic solution
Water forced out D5 LR D5.45 D5.9NS D10 W
Isotonic solution
Water going in and out
LR ( in surgery )
NS (trauma)
SSW
D5w is isotonic when
In a bag then becomes hypotonic ounces dextrose is metabolized in the body cells
Which means that is left is the free water
Spending to much time in one position muscle become weekend
Rabdomylosis
Hyperkalemia causes and s/s
Renal failure, potassium supplement, severe burns, rhabdomylosis
Irritable n/d , tachycardia, VF and cardiac arrest
Hypokalemia causes and S/s
V/d, loop diuretic ( thiazides) ,cushiness disease
Muscle cramps, hypotension, paresthesis, fatigue, lethargy
Hypernatremia causes and s/s
Dehydration, prolonged fever, severe diarrhea
Fatigue, weakness, seizure, coma
Hyponatremia causes s/s
Excessive vomiting, water intake, long term use of thiazides
Headache, n/v delirium, seizure, coma
Hyper magnesium causes s/s
Renal failure , overuse of magnesium based antacids
Areflexia, flaccid muscles, flushing, diaphoresis, vomiting, heart block hypotension
Hypo magnesium causes s/s
Malnutrition , alcoholism , severe diarrhea
Vertigo, ataxia, nystagmus, tremors, tetany, seizures
Hypercalcemia. Causes s/s
Excessive intake of calcium or vitamin d, thiazides, prolonged bed rest, hyperparathyroid
Nausea, thirst, anorexia, confusion, weakness and flaccid muscles
Hypocalcemia causes s/s
Poor intake of calcium or vitamin d, loop diuretics, hypoparathyroid, pancreatitis
Muscle cramps, hyperreflexia with carpal and facial spasm, tetany and seizures
Hyperchloremia causes s/s
Hypernatremia, metabolic acidosis
Fatigue, weakness, flushed skin, low grade fever, seizures and coma
Hypochloremia causes s/s
Often Hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis
Headache, fatigue, n/v, anorexia, irritability, seizure, coma
