Week 1 Flashcards
Definitions of Intracellular
Inside cell
What are the 3 reasons on why pt have IV
Achieve or maintain fluids or electrolytes
Route for providing medication
Replace blood or blood products
Definition of Intra vascular
Inside vessel
Examples of Crystalloids are
Normal saline
D5W
Lactated ringers
Crystalloids are made of what kind of solutions
Dissolved water Dextrose Electrolytes Sugar Or a combination of these
Examples of colloids non synthetic
Albumin or plasmabumin
Protein
Colloids contain what kind of solutions
And they are
Macromolecules
Electrolytes
Volume expanders
Examples of colloids synthetic
And they are
Hespan or dextran
Volume expander (shock used)
Colloids are used for people who have what
Albuninar
Tramatic blood lost
What is the normal concentration of electrolytes in the body
285 mEq/ liter
Isotonic was how much concentration
The same concentration of electrolytes as body fluids
How much does concentration does hypertonic have
Greater than 300 mEq/liter
How much concentration does hypotonic have
Less that 280 mEq/liter
What does h20 do with hypertonic
Goes out of the cell
What does isotonic do with h2o
It circulates in and out of the cell
What does hypotonic do with h20
It absorbs h20 into the cell
What kind of Iv will they give in surgery
Lactated ringers
What kind of IV is for a trauma pt and or dehydration
Normal saline
What kind of salines are associated with isotonic medium
Ssw
Normal saline
Lactated ringers 0.9
What kind of saline is associated with hypertonic medium
D10w
D5LR
D5.45
D5.95
What kind of saline is associated with hypotonic medium
0.45 saline
Free water
What is so special about d5w
It’s isotonic in the bag
It then quickly becomes hypotonic once metabolized in the body
Which means what’s left is free water
What makes it free water is that the cells quickly absorb the sugar
Micro drip set IV set
60 drops/mL
Macro drip IV set
10, 12, 15, 18 ,20
Central Line insertion
Used for large amounts of fluid Pt who need IV for more than 7 days Need large bore acces Frequent blood drawn Pt who receive vesicant medication. (Chemo) Who need supplemental nutriention (TPN)
Reasons for alternative access devices
Vesicant med, nutrition, long term need, high volume of fluids, multiple meds require ports, frequent blood drawn
PICC catheter
Longer catheter
Goes into right arteria of heart
Midline catheter
Shorter cath
Stops at about the arm pit
Preparing for a central line
IV antibiotic 30-60 min prior Alcohol scrubs Chlorhex scrub Surgical draping Surgical dress Fans off and windows closed Pt and asst wear mask
Central line insertion
Lines get flushed prior to insertion (physician)
Placed In the trendelenburg position ( feet right up and head down) ( prevents air embolism) and asked to perform vassal a maneuver
Assures placement by blood draw. PN May or may not change central lines (policy)
Central line monitoring
Indicators of extravastin, possible infection, patency, line is secure, line is clamp if not in use
Blood transfusion and IV site
Require separate consent specific to blood transfusion,
Central line, peripheral IV of at least 20 gauge (smallest you can go) or bigger
Blood products Packed cells
Given for anemia (hemoglobin, hematocrit)
Pale skin , pt report blood loss, confusion, dizziness
Blood products fresh frozen plasma
Has platletes, used to replenish and clotting factors
Monitor blood infusion
Pt s/s
Baseline vitals, temp(important) q5 min x15 times
Pt says feeling funny, chills, back pain, SOB, rash, n/v, tachycardia, blood in urine, fever
Usually reaction occurs within the first 5 min and takes 2 hours to infuse. If reaction does occurs keep IV tubing and saline solution
