Week 3 Flashcards
What are the 3 main components of a cell?
Cell Membrane, Nucleus and Cytoplasm
What can be found in the cytoplasm?
Organelles, cytosol, inclusions and protein fibres.
What is the cell membrane primarily comprised of?
Phospholipids.
What are the two main classes of membrane proteins
Peripheral and Integral.
What are the functions of membrane proteins?
Ion channels, carriers, receptors, enzyme, linkers and cell identity markers
What are the functions of the cell membrane?
Physical isolation/separation, regulation of exchange with surroundings, sensitivity to chemical messages and structural support.
What is it called when solutes move down their concentration or electrical gradient?
Diffusion.
Small hydrophobic molecules can cross the cell membrane by what method?
Simple Diffusion.
Larger hydrophilic molecules can cross the cell membrane down their concentration gradient but what method?
Facilitated Diffusion.
To move molecules against their concentration gradient requires ATP and is called what?
Active Transport
What are the three kinds of fibre that make up the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments and microtubules.
What is the function of microfilaments?
Providing mechanical support and generating movement
What is the function of intermediate filaments?
Adds strength to cell shape and anchors organelles.
What is the function of microtubules?
Movement of organelles, comprises the core of cilia and flagella, and forms the mitotic spindle during cell division.
What is the centrosome?
The microtubule organising centre.
What is the function of cilia?
Moving substances across cell surface.
What is the function of flagella?
To propel cells. Sperm cells are the only human cells with flagella present.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein Synthesis.
What are the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification, Ca+ storage and release.
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesising proteins for cell membrane and excretion. The protein factory of the cell.
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Protein modification and sorting. The “post office” of the cell.
What is the function of lysosomes?
Breakdown and recycling of organelles, digestion of bacteria and other ingested material.
What do proteosomes do?
Break down damaged or abnormal proteins that are marked for destruction.
What does the mitochondria do?
Produces ATP, a high energy molecule that enables most energy dependent functions in a cell.
