Week 3

Question 1

Foreign Policy

Answer 1

1 government takes action against foreign government

Question 2

Diplomacy

Answer 2

where countries negotiate to align interests or prevent conflicts. Diplomatic efforts can encourage cooperation without force.

Question 3

Incentives

Answer 3

rewards offered by one state to let another one do something. Examples: economic benefits

Question 4

Economic sanctions

Answer 4

restriction of trade with another country

Question 5

Propaganda

Answer 5

selective use of information

Question 6

Realist approach to Foreign Policy

Answer 6

suggest that countries’ strategies are shaped by external factors like geography or power.

Question 7

Liberal approach to Foreign policy

Answer 7

might look at how domestic institutions and economic systems influence foreign policy

Question 8

Constructivist approach for Foreign Policy

Answer 8

emphasizes the role of leaders’ beliefs and identities in shaping foreign policy, including perspectives shaped by gender or racial identity.

Question 9

Covert Operations

Answer 9

Secret operations by 1 goverment against another

Question 10

Cyber operations

Answer 10

Use or manipulation of information on the internet to advance foreign policy interests

Question 11

Coercive diplomacy

Answer 11

wanting states to do something and using threats to get them there (for example: economic sanctions, propaganda).

Question 12

Foreign policy at the individual level of analysis

Answer 12

National leaders play major role in shaping public attitude towards foreign policy. National leaders may be influenced by : their earlier lives, personalities, beliefs

Question 13

Foreign policy at the state level of analysis

Answer 13

FP influenced by the political, social and economic position of it’s country, it’s internal structure

Question 14

Foreign policy at the international level of analysis

Answer 14

Considers external forces like geography, economic power, and relative military strength that push countries to act in specific ways

Question 15

Bureaucratic politics

Answer 15

Possible influence on a country’s strategy, characterised by national leaders and their subordinates seeking to influence each other

Question 16

Rally around the flag effect

Answer 16

Boost in popularity of a leader due to conflict/war

Question 17

Foreign affairs media

Answer 17

Individuals/organisations who report on FP in some form of media

Question 18

Framing

Answer 18

The contect in which information is given

Question 19

Interest groups

Answer 19

individuals/organizations that share the same interests

Question 20

Lobbying

Answer 20

meeting/speaking with people trying to win them over for your case

Question 21

Persuasive instruments

Answer 21

Diplomacy prime example, encourages cooperation without force

Question 22

Coercive instruments

Answer 22

Military force or economic sanctions

Question 23

Change in foreign policy at individual level

Answer 23

Change of leader’s opinion or change of leader altogether

Question 24

Change in foreign policy at state level

Answer 24

Dramatic changes in domestic political regime or political effects of non-govermental organizations

Question 25

Change in foreign policy at international level

Answer 25

External shocks (pandemic)

Question 26

International Law

Answer 26

Rules that stipulate rights & obligations of states

Question 27

Treaties

Answer 27

A formal agreement between 2 or more states

Question 28

Statutory international law

Answer 28

Written laws that are agreed upon by participating states. Example: WTO treaty

Question 29

Customary international Law

Answer 29

Set of unwritten laws

Question 30

International organization

Answer 30

Formal body/association established by 2 or more states

Question 31

International institutions

Answer 31

Sets of rules, principles & expectations that govern interstate interaction

Question 32

Liberal explanation for International Law

Answer 32

IL important for world politics as it coordinates state behaviour. IL can be beneficial for multiple states

Question 33

Prisoners Dillema

Answer 33

Mix interest dillema. That illustrates both the value of cooperation and the diffculty of obtaining it.

Question 34

Conditional cooperation

Answer 34

Tit for tat, each partner cooperates as long as the other partner does the same

Question 35

Realism explanation for International Law

Answer 35

IL serves the purpose of the most powerful. Most powerful makes up rules of “the game”

Question 36

Constructivism explanation for International Law

Answer 36

Focuses on how international laws reflect global norms and shared values, which shape state identities and influence behavior. Constructivists argue that norms around issues like human rights become ingrained in international law, affecting state actions.

Question 37

Marxist explanation for international Law

Answer 37

Views international law as a means by which wealthy states secure their economic interests, often at the expense of weaker, poorer states. Marxists believe these laws support global capitalism, protecting the interests of rich

Question 38

Neocolonialism

Answer 38

Former colonies might be politically independent but still are economically dependant on other countries

Question 39

Race to the bottom

Answer 39

MNC’s threathening to leave developing countries in environmental/labour laws are changed –> taking their business to other countries= together in a race to the bottom