Week 3 Flashcards
Number of S with … / Number of …
How would you work out the probability of a coin toss?
Number of sequences with heads (k)/ number of all possible sequences
Bi(k/n, q)
BInomial distribution, BI = …
What is Binomial distribution?
When there will always be two choices (Hence distributions split into 2)
Use of probability… Fall Range…
What is cumulative probability?
Using the probability that the value will fall into a certain range
TT probability
If you calculate the probability at both ends of data what is this called?
Two tailed probability
Think about what a continuous variable is…
What is the difference between discrete and continuous distribution?
Continuous distribution is when you are measuring continuous events (height, weight, error)
PD
What is the y axis of continuous distribution data known as?
Probability density
What does a lower p value suggest?
What does a lower P value suggest?
Suggests that there may be bias present
Outcome…
What does a higher p value suggest?
Suggests that the outcome isn’t surprising.
In relation to coin tossing, when the p value is higher this shows that the coin is fair in that instance
What is False Equality…
What is a null hypothesis?
Assumes nothing unusual is happening
(False equality)
False Positive
What is a type 1 error?
Rejects the null hypothesis (E.G Concluding the meds have an effect when they actually don’t)
False Positive
False Negative
What is a type 2 error?
Failure to reject the null hypothesis (E.G Meds have no effect, but they do actually work)
Almost a placebo
Same amount…
What are quantiles?
Locations of sections divided by the same amount of data points
How many sections do quartiles have?
4
How many sections do percentiles have?
100
What is an independent variable?
The variable that can change
For example, Amount of sunlight the plants get, when testing how sunlight affects plant growth
What is a dependent variable?
The variable that is measured
The ‘effect’ in the cause and effect relationship
In relation to the sunlight that plants get, the DV would be plant growth and would depend on what you change with the IV
What is a control variable?
The variable that stays the same so that results can’t be immeasurable
(Plant type, amount of water…)
Spread…
What is standard deviation?
A way of measuring how spread out the numbers are in a data set
Find M (Average), Figure out distance, Square and M, Square root
How do calculate standard deviation?
Find the mean of the data, figure out the distance of each data piece from the average, square each distance and find the mean of the squared values, square root the mean value, that is the SD
Can’t be…
In types of data, what is nominal data?
Data that can’t be ordered or counted
Qualitative, Categorical
Examples would be Country, Gender, Occupation
Can be… but not…
In types of data, what is ordinal data?
Data that can be ordered but not added or subtracted
Categorical
Examples would be Spice level, or Temperature value (degrees)
Data that can be… Difference… No …
In types of data, what is interval data?
Can be ordered and the difference can be measured but there is no ratio (not divisible)
Quantitative, Continuous
Examples would be Exam mark, Date or Year
In data types what is ratio data?
Similar to interval data, except the data has a meaningful zero (is divisible)
Quantitative, Continuous
