Week 3 Flashcards
Forearm bones, joints, and muscles
how can you differentiate between radius and ulna?
-the proximal end of the radius is thin and the distal end of the radius is thick
-the ulna starts off thin and continues thin
-the radius =thumb
-the ulna=pinky
-the radius is shorter than the ulna
Radius
- Head
- Neck
- Radial Tuberosity
- Radius
- Shaft
- Styloid process of radius
- Head of ulna in ulnar notch of radius
Ulna
- Olecranon
- Trochlear Notch
- Coronoid process
- Tuberosity of ulna
- Shaft
- Atricular circumference of head of ulna
- Styloid process of ulna
- Head of ulna in ulnar notch of radius
- Ulnar notch
- Groove for extensor digitorum and extensor indicis
- Dorsal tubercle of radius
- Groove for extensor pollicis longus
- Groove for extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
- Grooves for tendons
- Distal radio-ulnar joint
Bones of WWrist and Hand
- Distal Phalanx
- Head of middle phalanx
- Head of proximal phalanx
- 5th metacarpal; head, tubercle, shaft, base
- Hook of hamate
- Pisiform
- Triquetrum
- Lunate
- Tubercle of scaphoid
- Tubercle of trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Capitate
- 1st metacarpal
- Head Shaft Base of thumb
- Scaphoid
Middle Radioulnar joint
Classification of Distal Radioulnar Joint
synovial, pivot
Articulating surfaces of Distal radioulnar joint
head of ulna to ulnar notch of radius and articular disc
Ligaments of distal radioulnar joint
anterior and posterior
Movements of distal radioulnar joint
supination and pronation
Innervation of distal radioulnar joint
median and radial
Fractures of the radius and ulna
Colles’ Fracture;
avulsed styloid process of ulna
dinner fork deformity
distal fragment of radius overrides the rest of the bone
Fractures of Ulna and Radius
Monteggia Fracture;
Radius-dislocated from its joint with the humerus
ulna-complete fracture just below the elbow
Fractures of ulna and radius
Galeazzi Fracture
Muscle compartments of the forarm
Anterior; Flexors, flexes wrist and fingers innervated by median or ulnar nerve
Posterior; Extensors, extends wrist and fingers, innervated by radial nerve
Anterior Compartment has 3 layers
Superficial, Intermediate, and deep
Superficial layer
- Pronator Teres
- Flexor Carpi Radialis
- Palmaris Longus
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
Intermediate
Flexor digitorum superficials
Deep
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
- Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres
Origin: ulnar head (coronoid process of ulna) and humeral head ( medial epicondyle, supracond ridge)
Insertion: Lateral surface of radius (mid-shaft)
Innervation: Median nerve
Action: Pronates forearm at radioulnar joint and flexes at elbow
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: Base 2nd metacarpal
Innervation: Median nerve
Action: Flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist
Palmaris Longus
Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Fexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Innervation: Median nerve
Action: flexes hand at the wrist and tenses the palmar aponeurosis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: Ulnar head (olecranon and posterior border of ulna) and humeral head ( medial epicondyle)
Insertion: Pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal
Innervation: Ulnar nerve
Action: Flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist
Flexor digitotum superficials
Origin: humero-ulnar head (medial epicondyle and margin of the coronoid process) and radial head (oblique line/anterior border of radius
Insertion: Middle phalanges of the index, middle, ring and little fingers
Innervation: Median nerve
Action: Flexes proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: anterior and medial surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of the distal phalanges of index, middle, ring, and little fingers
Innervation: lateral half by median nerve (anterior interosseous , median half by ulnar nerve
Action: Flexes metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of fingers 2-5
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin: anterior surface of radius and interosseous memebrane
Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of the thumb
Innervation: Median nerve ( anterior interosseous)
Action: Flexes metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint of thumb
Pronator quadratus
Origin: Distal anterior surface of ulna
Insertion: Distal anterior surface of radius
Innervation: Median nerve ( anterior interosseous)
Action: Pronates Forearm
Posterior compartment of the forearm
are 2:
1. Superficial
2. Deep
Superficial posterior compartment of the forearm
- Brachioradialis
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensir digiti minimi
Deep posterior compartment of the forearm
- Supinator
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor indicis
Brachioradialis
Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, intermusc. semptum
Insertion: Lateral distal end of radius
Innervation: Radial nerve
Action: Flexes elbow (when forearm mid-pronated)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin: lateral supracond. ridge of humerus, intermusc.septum
Insertion: Base metacarpal 2
Innervation: Radial nerve
Action: Extends and abducts wrist
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle intermusc. septum
Insertion: Base of metacarpals 2 & 3
Innervation: Radial nerve
Action: Extends and abducts wrist
Extensor digitorum
Origin: lateral epicondyle, intermusc. septum
Insertion: Base of middle and distal phalanges of medial 4
Innervation: Posterior interosseous ( from radial) nerve
Action: Extends wrist and medial 4 fingers
Extensor digiti minimi
Origin: lateral epicondyle intermusc.septum
Insertion: distal end of little efinger
Innervation: posterior interosseous ( from radial nerve)
Action: extends little finger
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: lateral epicondyle, posterior surface of ulna
Insertion: Base of metacarpal 5
Innervation: Posterior interosseous from radial nerve
Action: extends and adducts wrist
Supinator
Origin: superficial head: lateral epicondyle, radial collateral, and ulnar ligs
Deep head: supinator crest of ulna
Insertion: lateral surface of radius, superior to the oblique line
Innervation: radial nerve, deep branch
Action: supinates forearm at radioulnar joint
Abductor pollicis longus
Origin: posterior surface of ulna, radius and interosseous m
Insertion: base metacarpal 1
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve
Action: abducts CMC Joint of thumb, extends thumb
extensor pollicis brevis
Origin: posterior surface of radius and interosseous m
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve
Action: extends MCP and CMC joints of thumb
extensor pollicis longus
origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous
insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb
innervtaion: posterior interosseous nerve
action: extends all joints of the thumb
extensor indicis
origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous m
insertion: base of proximal phalanx of index finger
innervation: posterior interosseous
action: extends index finger
Carpal Tunnel
contents:
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
- tendon of flexor pollicis longus
- median nerve
anatomical snuffbox
lateral border: tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
medial border: tendon of extensor pollicis longus
floor: scaphoid and trapezium
content: radial artery
