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Anatomy of the functional limbs > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

Forearm bones, joints, and muscles

1
Q

how can you differentiate between radius and ulna?

A

-the proximal end of the radius is thin and the distal end of the radius is thick
-the ulna starts off thin and continues thin
-the radius =thumb
-the ulna=pinky
-the radius is shorter than the ulna

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2
Q

Radius

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Radial Tuberosity
  • Radius
  • Shaft
  • Styloid process of radius
  • Head of ulna in ulnar notch of radius
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3
Q

Ulna

A
  • Olecranon
  • Trochlear Notch
  • Coronoid process
  • Tuberosity of ulna
  • Shaft
  • Atricular circumference of head of ulna
  • Styloid process of ulna
  • Head of ulna in ulnar notch of radius
  • Ulnar notch
  • Groove for extensor digitorum and extensor indicis
  • Dorsal tubercle of radius
  • Groove for extensor pollicis longus
  • Groove for extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
  • Grooves for tendons
  • Distal radio-ulnar joint
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4
Q

Bones of WWrist and Hand

A
  • Distal Phalanx
  • Head of middle phalanx
  • Head of proximal phalanx
  • 5th metacarpal; head, tubercle, shaft, base
  • Hook of hamate
  • Pisiform
  • Triquetrum
  • Lunate
  • Tubercle of scaphoid
  • Tubercle of trapezium
  • Trapezoid
  • Capitate
  • 1st metacarpal
  • Head Shaft Base of thumb
  • Scaphoid
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5
Q

Middle Radioulnar joint

A
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6
Q

Classification of Distal Radioulnar Joint

A

synovial, pivot

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7
Q

Articulating surfaces of Distal radioulnar joint

A

head of ulna to ulnar notch of radius and articular disc

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8
Q

Ligaments of distal radioulnar joint

A

anterior and posterior

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9
Q

Movements of distal radioulnar joint

A

supination and pronation

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10
Q

Innervation of distal radioulnar joint

A

median and radial

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11
Q

Fractures of the radius and ulna

A

Colles’ Fracture;
avulsed styloid process of ulna
dinner fork deformity
distal fragment of radius overrides the rest of the bone

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12
Q

Fractures of Ulna and Radius

A

Monteggia Fracture;
Radius-dislocated from its joint with the humerus
ulna-complete fracture just below the elbow

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13
Q

Fractures of ulna and radius

A

Galeazzi Fracture

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14
Q

Muscle compartments of the forarm

A

Anterior; Flexors, flexes wrist and fingers innervated by median or ulnar nerve
Posterior; Extensors, extends wrist and fingers, innervated by radial nerve

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15
Q

Anterior Compartment has 3 layers

A

Superficial, Intermediate, and deep

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16
Q

Superficial layer

A
  1. Pronator Teres
  2. Flexor Carpi Radialis
  3. Palmaris Longus
  4. Flexor carpi ulnaris
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17
Q

Intermediate

A

Flexor digitorum superficials

18
Q

Deep

A
  1. Flexor digitorum profundus
  2. Flexor pollicis longus
  3. Pronator quadratus
19
Q

Pronator teres

A

Origin: ulnar head (coronoid process of ulna) and humeral head ( medial epicondyle, supracond ridge)

Insertion: Lateral surface of radius (mid-shaft)

Innervation: Median nerve

Action: Pronates forearm at radioulnar joint and flexes at elbow

20
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle

Insertion: Base 2nd metacarpal

Innervation: Median nerve

Action: Flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist

21
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle

Insertion: Fexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

Innervation: Median nerve

Action: flexes hand at the wrist and tenses the palmar aponeurosis

22
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: Ulnar head (olecranon and posterior border of ulna) and humeral head ( medial epicondyle)

Insertion: Pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

Action: Flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist

23
Q

Flexor digitotum superficials

A

Origin: humero-ulnar head (medial epicondyle and margin of the coronoid process) and radial head (oblique line/anterior border of radius

Insertion: Middle phalanges of the index, middle, ring and little fingers

Innervation: Median nerve

Action: Flexes proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints

24
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Origin: anterior and medial surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of the distal phalanges of index, middle, ring, and little fingers

Innervation: lateral half by median nerve (anterior interosseous , median half by ulnar nerve

Action: Flexes metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of fingers 2-5

25
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Origin: anterior surface of radius and interosseous memebrane

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of the thumb

Innervation: Median nerve ( anterior interosseous)

Action: Flexes metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint of thumb

26
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Origin: Distal anterior surface of ulna

Insertion: Distal anterior surface of radius

Innervation: Median nerve ( anterior interosseous)

Action: Pronates Forearm

27
Q

Posterior compartment of the forearm

A

are 2:
1. Superficial
2. Deep

28
Q

Superficial posterior compartment of the forearm

A
  1. Brachioradialis
  2. Extensor carpi radialis longus
  3. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  4. Extensor carpi ulnaris
  5. Extensor digitorum
  6. Extensir digiti minimi
29
Q

Deep posterior compartment of the forearm

A
  1. Supinator
  2. Abductor pollicis longus
  3. Extensor pollicis brevis
  4. Extensor pollicis longus
  5. Extensor indicis
30
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, intermusc. semptum

Insertion: Lateral distal end of radius

Innervation: Radial nerve

Action: Flexes elbow (when forearm mid-pronated)

31
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

Origin: lateral supracond. ridge of humerus, intermusc.septum

Insertion: Base metacarpal 2

Innervation: Radial nerve

Action: Extends and abducts wrist

32
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle intermusc. septum

Insertion: Base of metacarpals 2 & 3

Innervation: Radial nerve

Action: Extends and abducts wrist

33
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle, intermusc. septum

Insertion: Base of middle and distal phalanges of medial 4

Innervation: Posterior interosseous ( from radial) nerve

Action: Extends wrist and medial 4 fingers

34
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle intermusc.septum

Insertion: distal end of little efinger

Innervation: posterior interosseous ( from radial nerve)

Action: extends little finger

35
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle, posterior surface of ulna

Insertion: Base of metacarpal 5

Innervation: Posterior interosseous from radial nerve

Action: extends and adducts wrist

36
Q

Supinator

A

Origin: superficial head: lateral epicondyle, radial collateral, and ulnar ligs
Deep head: supinator crest of ulna

Insertion: lateral surface of radius, superior to the oblique line

Innervation: radial nerve, deep branch

Action: supinates forearm at radioulnar joint

37
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Origin: posterior surface of ulna, radius and interosseous m

Insertion: base metacarpal 1

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve

Action: abducts CMC Joint of thumb, extends thumb

38
Q

extensor pollicis brevis

A

Origin: posterior surface of radius and interosseous m

Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve

Action: extends MCP and CMC joints of thumb

39
Q

extensor pollicis longus

A

origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous

insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb

innervtaion: posterior interosseous nerve

action: extends all joints of the thumb

40
Q

extensor indicis

A

origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous m

insertion: base of proximal phalanx of index finger

innervation: posterior interosseous

action: extends index finger

41
Q

Carpal Tunnel

A

contents:
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
- tendon of flexor pollicis longus
- median nerve

42
Q

anatomical snuffbox

A

lateral border: tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

medial border: tendon of extensor pollicis longus

floor: scaphoid and trapezium

content: radial artery

Anatomy of the functional limbs (7 decks)

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