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Anatomy of the functional limbs > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

Shoulder region

1
Q

Pectrol gridle

A

scapula and clavicle

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2
Q

Upper limb

A

pectoral gridle + free upper limb

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3
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5, C6, C7

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4
Q

Median Nerve

A

C6 , C7, C8 AND T1

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5
Q

radial nerve

A

C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1

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6
Q

ulnar nerve

A

C7,8, T1

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7
Q

There are 3 areas of transition

A

Axilla, cubital fossa, and carpal tunnel

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8
Q

Clavicle Bone

A
  • Superior Surface
    1. Anterior ( tend to be R)
    • Sternal end
    • Shft
    • Acromial end
  1. Posterior ( tends to be ^)
    • Sternal facet, (articular surface)
  • Inferior Surface
    1. Posterior Surface
    -Sternal facet
    • Conoid tubercle
    • Impression for costoclavicular ligament
    • Subclavian groove
    • Trapezoid line
  1. Anterior Surface
    • Acromial facet
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9
Q

how do you differentiate between a left and a right clavicle

A

on the inferior surface where you cna see the impression for the costoclavicualr ligament and the conoid tubercle, if the medial end (which is always at the sternal next to the impression) goes towards the left, then it is a left clavicle and vice versa.

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10
Q

Scapula has

A

2 surfaces
3 fossae
3 angles
3 processes

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11
Q

Scapula has 2 surfaces

A
  1. Costal surface
  2. Posterior Surface
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12
Q

Scapula has 3 angles

A
  1. Superior Angle (medial end )
  2. Inferior Angle (by itself)
  3. Lateral Angle
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13
Q

Scapula has 3 borders

A
  1. Medial Border ( between the superior angle and the inferior angle)
  2. Lateral Border (between the lateral angle and the inferior angle)
  3. Superior Border (between the superior angle and the lateral angle)
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14
Q

Scapula has 3 processes

A
  1. Acromion
  2. Coracoid Process
  3. Glenoid Cavity
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15
Q

Scapula has 3 fossae

A
  1. Subscapular fossa ( on the costal surface towrads the anterior)
  2. Supraspinous fossa (on the posterior surafce)
  3. Infraspinous fossa (on the posterior surafce)
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16
Q

infraglenoid tubercle

A

which is under the glenoid cavity
attachment of long head of triceps brachii

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17
Q

supraglenoid tubercle

A

which is above the glenoid cavity.
attachment of long head of biceps brachii

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18
Q

Humerus proximal end

A

the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula

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19
Q

tubercles of the humerus

A

are attachment of the rotator cuff muscles

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20
Q

Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)

A

found on the anterior view.
tendon of long head of biceps brachii passes through

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21
Q

the humerus has lateral lip, floor and medial lip of intertubercular sulcus

A

where there is attachment of pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and teres major respectively

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22
Q

the humerus also has deltoid tuberosity laterally and coracobrachialis medially

A

deltoid tubersity is where the deltoid attaches

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23
Q

at the posterior view of the humerus

A

there is superior facet - attachment for supraspinatus
middle facet- attachment for infraspinatus
inferior facet- attachment for teres minor

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24
Q

Joints of the shoulder region includes

A
  • Sternoclavicular
    -Acromioclavicular
    -Shoulder (glenohumeral)
    -Scapulothoracic (physiological joint)
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25
Q

Movements of the scapula incldues

A
  1. Elevation/depression
  2. Protraction/Retraction
  3. Upwrad rotation/downward rotation
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26
Q

Movements at the shoulder

A
  1. Flexion/Extension
  2. Medial Rotation/Lateral Rotation
  3. Circumduction
  4. Adduction/Abduction
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27
Q

Sternoclavicular Joint

A

Classificitaion: Synovial, Saddle

Articulating surfaces: sternal end of clavicle, manubrium of sternum and part of 1st costal cartilage, articular disc divides cavity into 2 hence enhancing stability

Ligaments: anterior sternoclavicular, posterior sternoclavicular, costoclavicular which is important for stability, interclavicular

Movements: allows movement of the clavicle, predominantly in anterior/posterior and vertical planes, some rotation

28
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

A

Classification: synovial, plane

Articulating surfaces: lateral aspect of clavicle (oval shaped facet), medial aspect of acromion

Ligaments: acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular (2parts - trapezoid and conoid ligaments)

Movements: allows movement of clavicle, predominantly in A-P and vertical planes, some axial rotation

29
Q

Shoulder glenohumeral joint

A

Classification: synovial, ball and socket

Articulating surfaces: glenoid cavity of scapula, head of humerus

Ligaments: glenoid labrum, glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior - capsular thickening), coracohumeral, transverse humeral

Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, circumduction

Associated bursae: subtendinous bursa of subscapularis, subacromial (subdeltoid), around other tendons associated with joint

Important factors enhancing stability : the rotator cuff muscles, coraco-acromial arch

Blood supply: branches of anterior and posterior circumflex humeral and suprascapular

Innervation: branches from posterior cord of the brachial plexus, suprascapular, axillary, lateral pectoral

30
Q

Glenohumeral ligamnets

A

capsular ligamnets
three sets of fibres:
-superior
-middle
-inferior

reinforce the anterior part of the joint capsule

31
Q

Coracohumeral ligament

A

capsular ligament
base of the coracoid process to anterior aspect of greater tubercle

32
Q

Transverse Humeral Ligament

A

Superior end of the inter-tubercular groove
Bridges the gap between greater and lesser tubercles
Holds the tendon of ling head of biceps brachii in the inter-tubercular groove

33
Q

Coracoacromial Arch

A

coracoacromial ligament (accessory) + coracoid process + acromion = osseofibrous bridge

Protective arch superior to head of humerus

Prevents superior dislocation of the shoulder

34
Q

Bursae

A
  1. Subscapular bursa
    - Tendon of subscapularis and neck of scapula, fibrous capsule
    - Communicates with joint cavity
  2. Subacromial bursa (subdeltid bursa)
    - Deltoid, CA arch, supraspinatus, and fibrous capsule
    - Does not normally communicate with joint cavity
35
Q

Stability of the shoulder joint

A

Bones (articular surfaces)
Ligaments
Muscles

36
Q

Shoulder dislocation

A
  1. Anterior dislocation
  2. Posterior dislocation
37
Q

Scapulothoracic “Joint”

A
  1. Elevation and depression
  2. Protraction and retraction
    3.Upward and downward rotation
38
Q

Muscles of shoulder region includes

A
  1. Muscles moving the arm
  2. Muscles moving the scapula
39
Q

Muscles moving the arm at the shoulder region

A
  1. Pectoralis major
  2. Latissimus dorsi
  3. Deltoid
  4. Supraspinatus
  5. Infraspinatus
  6. Teres major
  7. Teres minor
  8. Subscapularis
  9. Serratus anterior
  10. Biceps
  11. Coracobrahcialis
  12. Triceps (long head)
40
Q

Muscles moving the scapula at the shoulder region

A
  1. Serratus anterior
  2. Pectoralis minor
  3. Levator scapulae
  4. Rhomboid major and minor
  5. Trapezius
  6. Subclavius
41
Q

Anteriorly you would find the following muscles

A

Pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
subclavius

42
Q

anterolateral you would find the following muscles

A

serratus anterior

43
Q

laterally you would find

A

deltoid

44
Q

posteriorly you woud find

A

trapezius
levator scapulae
rhomboid minor
rhomboid major
latissimus dorsi
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
teres major
subscapularis

45
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin: clavicular head; anterior surface of medial half of clavicle; sternocostal head; anterior surface of sternum, first 7 costal cartilages, sternal end of 6th rib, aponeurosis of external obliques

Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral

Action: flexion, adduction, medial rotation of the arm

46
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

origin; anterior surface ribs 3-5

insertion: coracoid process

innervation: medial pectoral nerve

action: stabilises and protracts scapula

47
Q

subclavius

A

origin: rib 1 at costochondral junction

insertion: groove on inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

innervation: nerve to subclavius

action: pulls clavicle medially for stabilisation

48
Q

Poland Syndrome

A
49
Q

Serratus anterior

A

origin: lateral surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs

insertion: costal surface on medial border of scapula

innervation: long thoracic nerve

action: protraction and rotation of the scapula

50
Q

winged scapula

A
51
Q

deltoid

A

origin: inferior edge of spine of scapula, acromion, anterior border of lateral third of clavicle

insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

innervation: axillary nerve

action: abduction of arm, flex and extend, medially and laterally rotate arm at the shoulder joint

52
Q

trapezius

A

origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12 and supraspinous ligaments

insertion: superior edge of spine of scapula, acromion, posterior border of lateral third of clavicle

innervation: accessory nerve (CNXI) and C3-4

action: elevate, depress, retract and rotate scapula

53
Q

testing accessory nerve

A
54
Q

levator scapulae

A

origin: transverse processes C1-4

insertion: medial border of scapula from superior angle to root of spine

innervation: dorsal scapular nerve, C3-4

action: elevates scapula

55
Q

rhomboid minor

A

origin: ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes C7-T1

insertion: medial border at root of spine

innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

action: elevates and retracts scapula

56
Q

rhomboid major

A

origin: spinous processes T2-5

insertion: medial border from spine root to inferior angle

innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

action: elevates and retracts scapula

57
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

origin: spinous process of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae and interspinous ligs, thoracolumbar fascia to spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae and interspinous ligs, iliac crest, lower 3-4 ribs

insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus

innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

action: adduction, medial rotation, extension of the arm at the shoulder

58
Q

supraspinatus

A

origin: supraspinous fossa

insertion: superior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus

innervation: suprascapular nerve

action: abduction of arm, RCM

59
Q

infraspinatus

A

origin: infraspinous fossa

insertion: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

innervation: suprascapular nerve

action: lateral rotation of arm ,RCM

60
Q

teres minor

A

origin: upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula

insertion: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

innervation: axillary nerve

action: lateral rotation of arm, RCM

61
Q

Teres major

A

origin: inferior angle of scapula

insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus

innervation: inferior subscapular nerve

action: medial rotation and extension

62
Q

subscapularis

A

origin: subscapular fossa

insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus

innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves

action: medial rotation of arm at the shoulder joint, RCM

63
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
64
Q

scapular-humeral mechanism

A

for ever 3 degrees of abduction, a 2 degree abduction occurs in the shoulder joint and 1 degrees occurs by rotation of the scapula. at ~ 120 degrees of abduction the greater tuberosity of the humerus hits the lateral edge of the acromion. elevation of the arm above the head is accomplished by rotating the humerus and scapula

65
Q

axilla

A

formed by clavicle, scapula, upper thoracic wall, humerus and related muscles

66
Q

Contents of Axilla

A

proximal parts of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis

axillary artery and its branches

axillary vein and its tributaries, including the cephalic vein

brachial plexus

lymph nodes

axillary process of the mammary gland

Anatomy of the functional limbs (7 decks)

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