Week 3 Flashcards
ETHICS
The term ‘ethics’ broadly describes the way in which we look at and understand life, in terms of good and bad or right and wrong.
MORAL THEORIES
Are the frameworks we use to justify or clarify our position when we ask ourselves “what should I do in this situation?” or “what is right or wrong for me?”
BIOETHICS
ethics of biology, biological research and the applications of that research. It is an ethical theory that brings together medicine, the law, social sciences, philosophy, theology, politics and other disciplines to address questions related to clinical decision making and medical research
Deontology
Consequentialism
Deontology
Fulfilling one’s duty by following the rules without focusing on the consequences of conduct.
“Follow the rules / Duty”
Means count
“Act morally regardless of the consequences”
Obligation-based theory
Emphasis is on action rather than the consequences of that action
Consequentialism
Tailoring of one’s conduct to bring about the greatest good with the minimum of consequences.
Greater good/ Goal driven theory.
Ends count
‘the greatest happiness for the greatest number.’
Consequence of an action justifies the moral acceptability of the means taken to reach that end. The more people who benefit from a particular action, the greater its good
MORALITY
Foundation of ethical behavior, what we expect people to do so we can live together in peace and harmony.
Types of morality
1) Personal (brush teeth once a day instead of twice)
2) Group (everyone agrees on brushing twice)
3) Societal (dentist tells you to brush twice)
Moral conflict: when one of these 3 sub-groups don’t agree with one another
Moral conflict:
when one of these 3 sub-groups don’t agree with one another
Types of morality (3)
1) Personal (brush teeth once a day instead of twice)
2) Group (everyone agrees on brushing twice)
3) Societal (dentist tells you to brush twice)
4 Ethical principles which form this framework for moral reasoning in ‘Bioethics’
1) Autonomy
2) Non-maleficence
3) Beneficence
4) Justice
AUTONOMY
Respect the right of individuals to make their own decisions
BENIFICENCE
The duty to “do only good”, care is provided in the best interest of the patient
NON-MALEFICENCE
Avoid causing harm, It is the idea that we will “do no harm”
Example: pain after surgery is not from prior condition, it is from surgery, need to do some harm but you are doing it in best intentions of the patient
JUSTICE:
Comparative - Equal or fair treatment to all
- Related to individual
- Ex: different services offered in rural vs urban places
Distributive - Resources are equally available and equally distributed
- Related to resources
- Ex: someone with disease such as Parkinson’s has less resources as someone with a stroke patient (more resources on stroke)
Comparative justice
Equal or fair treatment to all
- Related to individual
- Ex: different services offered in rural vs urban places
Distributive justice
Resources are equally available and equally distributed
- Related to resources
- Ex: someone with disease such as Parkinson’s has less resources as someone with a stroke patient (more resources on stroke)
Mr. Smith is a 68 year old male who had a total knee replacement yesterday. Carole, the OTA PTA, went to his room to get him up. Carole makes sure that he is informed and explains the difficulties that he may experience if he des not participate in therapy. Mr. Smith says that he is in too much pain and could not possibly participate in therapy now. Carole does not go ahead with treatment.
1) What ethical principle is Mr. Smith exercising?
2) What ethical principle is Carole exercising?
3) Do you have any suggestions for this situation
1) What ethical principle is Mr. Smith exercising?
Autonomy
2) What ethical principle is Carole exercising?
Beneficence
3) Do you have any suggestions for this situation?
Consult with nurse on pain management
