Week 3 Flashcards
ETHICS
The term ‘ethics’ broadly describes the way in which we look at and understand life, in terms of good and bad or right and wrong.
MORAL THEORIES
Are the frameworks we use to justify or clarify our position when we ask ourselves “what should I do in this situation?” or “what is right or wrong for me?”
BIOETHICS
ethics of biology, biological research and the applications of that research. It is an ethical theory that brings together medicine, the law, social sciences, philosophy, theology, politics and other disciplines to address questions related to clinical decision making and medical research
Deontology
Consequentialism
Deontology
Fulfilling one’s duty by following the rules without focusing on the consequences of conduct.
“Follow the rules / Duty”
Means count
“Act morally regardless of the consequences”
Obligation-based theory
Emphasis is on action rather than the consequences of that action
Consequentialism
Tailoring of one’s conduct to bring about the greatest good with the minimum of consequences.
Greater good/ Goal driven theory.
Ends count
‘the greatest happiness for the greatest number.’
Consequence of an action justifies the moral acceptability of the means taken to reach that end. The more people who benefit from a particular action, the greater its good
MORALITY
Foundation of ethical behavior, what we expect people to do so we can live together in peace and harmony.
Types of morality
1) Personal (brush teeth once a day instead of twice)
2) Group (everyone agrees on brushing twice)
3) Societal (dentist tells you to brush twice)
Moral conflict: when one of these 3 sub-groups don’t agree with one another
Moral conflict:
when one of these 3 sub-groups don’t agree with one another
Types of morality (3)
1) Personal (brush teeth once a day instead of twice)
2) Group (everyone agrees on brushing twice)
3) Societal (dentist tells you to brush twice)
4 Ethical principles which form this framework for moral reasoning in ‘Bioethics’
1) Autonomy
2) Non-maleficence
3) Beneficence
4) Justice
AUTONOMY
Respect the right of individuals to make their own decisions
BENIFICENCE
The duty to “do only good”, care is provided in the best interest of the patient
NON-MALEFICENCE
Avoid causing harm, It is the idea that we will “do no harm”
Example: pain after surgery is not from prior condition, it is from surgery, need to do some harm but you are doing it in best intentions of the patient
JUSTICE:
Comparative - Equal or fair treatment to all
- Related to individual
- Ex: different services offered in rural vs urban places
Distributive - Resources are equally available and equally distributed
- Related to resources
- Ex: someone with disease such as Parkinson’s has less resources as someone with a stroke patient (more resources on stroke)
Comparative justice
Equal or fair treatment to all
- Related to individual
- Ex: different services offered in rural vs urban places
Distributive justice
Resources are equally available and equally distributed
- Related to resources
- Ex: someone with disease such as Parkinson’s has less resources as someone with a stroke patient (more resources on stroke)
Mr. Smith is a 68 year old male who had a total knee replacement yesterday. Carole, the OTA PTA, went to his room to get him up. Carole makes sure that he is informed and explains the difficulties that he may experience if he des not participate in therapy. Mr. Smith says that he is in too much pain and could not possibly participate in therapy now. Carole does not go ahead with treatment.
1) What ethical principle is Mr. Smith exercising?
2) What ethical principle is Carole exercising?
3) Do you have any suggestions for this situation
1) What ethical principle is Mr. Smith exercising?
Autonomy
2) What ethical principle is Carole exercising?
Beneficence
3) Do you have any suggestions for this situation?
Consult with nurse on pain management
A 26 year old patient, George, is under the influence of alcohol when he arrives for his treatment. While he insists he is fine and wants to drive home, Joanne, the PTA, arranges a ride for him and will not let him drive.
1) What ethical principle is George exercising?
2) What are the potential consequences of George driving home?
3) What ethical principle is Carole exercising?
1) What ethical principle is George exercising?
Autonomy
2) What are the potential consequences of George driving home?
Hurting himself/others
DUI
3) What ethical principle is Carole exercising?
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
Ethical Values:
R: Respect
E: Excellence
A: Autonomy and Well-being
C: Communication, Collaboration and Advocacy
H: Honesty and Integrity
Respect (R)
Respect is closely aligned with the ethical principle of JUSTICE
Respect the differing needs of each individual
Excellence (E)
Associated with BENEFICENCE and NON-MALEFICENCE
Competent practitioner is more likely to do only good and less likely to do harm
Autonomy (A) & Well Being:
Expression of the ethical principle of AUTONOMY
Guided by a concern for the patient’s well-being
Patients have the right to self-determination and are empowered to participate in the decision-making process
Concern and caring are related to the ethical principle of beneficence. Practitioners accept the responsibility to do what is in the best interest of the patient.
Communication, Collaboration and Advocacy (C):
This value does not have a specific principle associated with it
Represents the respect for colleagues, other health care professionals, caregivers, families, as well as for the patient
Honesty and Integrity (H):
Honesty and integrity are essential elements of the ethical principle of VERACITY.
Patients can always expect that services will be delivered in a professional manner (honesty & integrity)
Ethical value - Respect
Respect is closely aligned with the ethical principle of JUSTICE
Respect the differing needs of each individual
Ethical value - Excellence
Associated with BENEFICENCE and NON-MALEFICENCE
Competent practitioner is more likely to do only good and less likely to do harm
Ethical value - Autonomy (A) & Well Being:
Expression of the ethical principle of AUTONOMY
Guided by a concern for the patient’s well-being
Patients have the right to self-determination and are empowered to participate in the decision-making process
Concern and caring are related to the ethical principle of beneficence. Practitioners accept the responsibility to do what is in the best interest of the patient.
Ethical value - Communication, Collaboration and Advocacy (C):
This value does not have a specific principle associated with it
Represents the respect for colleagues, other health care professionals, caregivers, families, as well as for the patient
Ethical value: Honesty and Integrity (H):
Honesty and integrity are essential elements of the ethical principle of VERACITY.
Patients can always expect that services will be delivered in a professional manner (honesty & integrity)
Veracity
ability to tell the truth and not hide something from your pt, being transparent with your patient
A. Respect
B. Excellence
C. Autonomy and wellbeing
D. Communication, collaboration and advocacy
E. Honesty and integrity
1) Primary concern is for the patient’s needs
2) No discrimination against the patients in your care
3) Truthful and honest in your interactions
4) Make every effort not to cause harm with your actions
5) Work with other healthcare providers to ensure the best patient outcomes
A = 2)
B = 4)
C) = 1)
D = 5)
E = 3)
