Week 3

Question 1

bioremediation

Answer 1

-breaking down cyanite to improve the health of patients

Question 2

Carl Woese’ classification:

says bacteria contain cell walls

Answer 2

that are made of peptidoglycan(murein)

Question 3

Carl Woese’ classification:

says archea contain cell walls

Answer 3

when present lack peptidoglycan

Question 4

Carl Woese’ classification:

says Eukarya contain

Answer 4

protists, fungi, plants and animals

Question 5

Prokaryotes:

Answer 5

Unicellular microorganisms, genetic material not enclosed with a true nucleus

-includes bacteria and archaea

Question 6

Eukaryotes:

Answer 6

fungi-unicellular forms include yeasts and molds

-protozoa-unicellular, free living or parasitic

-algae-unicellular forms, photosynthetic eukaryotes

Question 7

Viruses:

Answer 7

-different from other microbial groups

-need electron microscope to visualize

-celluar organisms w nucleuic acid core sorrounded by a protein coat

-need to use cells.

Question 8

Characteristics of prokaryotes

Answer 8

-DNA is not enclosed in a membrane: one circular chromosome

-DNA is not associated with histones

-lack membrane bound organelles

-cell walls contain peptidoglycan and are comploicated

-typically divide by the process of binary fission

Question 9

Pleomorphic=

Answer 9

”shape shifter”,

Question 10

-micrometer-

Answer 10

typical unit of measurment for microorganisms

Question 11

-light microscopy

Answer 11

-uses of visible light to observe specimens

Question 12

-compound light microscopy

Answer 12

=total magnification achieved through a series of lenses

Question 13

-resolution=

Answer 13

ability of lenses to distinguish between two points a specified distance apart

Question 14

refractive index

Answer 14

measure of light-bending ability of a medium

Question 15

Darkfield microscopy

Answer 15

-a specialized form of light microscopy

-image visulized using only REFLECTED LIGHT

-a specimen appears light against dark background

-difficult to stain

Question 16

Phase-contrast microscopy

Answer 16

-allows detailed examination of internal strucutres in living microorganisms

-based on wave nature of light rays

-brings together both direct light rays and diffracted rays

-image contains regions that are both in phase and out of phase

Question 17

DIC-differential interference contrast (DIC)

Answer 17

-uses two beams of light each split by seperate prisms

-differences in refractive indexes generates contrast in the image

-higher ressolution than phase contrast

-image appears 3-d

Question 18

Fluorescense microscopy

Answer 18

-the ability of substances to absorb wavelengths of light and emit lights of longer wavelengths

-specimens can flourese naturally under UV or can be stained w fluorochromes

-flurorescent-anibody(FA), technique or immunoflorescene an be used

Question 19

Electron Microscopy:

Answer 19

-required to visualize structures smaller than 0.2

-beams of electrons has 100,000 times smaller wavelengths than light

Question 20

-transmission E.M

Answer 20

-magnifies objects 10,000 to 100,000 times

-requires sectioning and fixing of specimen

SCANNING E.M

-scans specimen with electron beam and magnifies 1000 to 10000x