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CMS 150 midterm > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a rash?

A

an inflammatory skin eruption

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2
Q

differential diagnosis of a rash is primarily based on what?

A

morphology of the lesion

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3
Q

what are the steps to differential diagnosing a rash

A
  1. identify the primary lesion
  2. determine the global reaction pattern
  3. distribution of the lesions
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4
Q

what is a primary lesion?

A

initial lesion that has not been altered by trauma or manipulation, and has not regressed

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5
Q

what is a secondary lesion?

A

develops as the disease evolves or as the patient damages the lesion

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6
Q

type of primary lesion that is a circumscribed, elevated lesion that measures >1 cm and contains serous or hemorrhagic fluid?

A

bulla

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7
Q

type of primary lesion that is a circumscribed, nonpalpable discoloration of the skin that measures <1 cm in diameter

A

macule

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8
Q

type of primary lesion that is palpable, solid, round ellipsoidal lesion measuring > 1 cm; it differes from a plaque in that it is more substantive in its vertical dimension compared with its breadth

A

nodule

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9
Q

type of primary lesion that is an elevated, solid lesion that measures < 1 cm

A

papule

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10
Q

type of primary lesion that is a circumscribed, nonpalpable discoloration of the skin that measures > 1 cm

A

patch

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11
Q

type of primary lesion that is nonblanchin reddish macules representing extravascular deposits of blood, measuring < 0.3 cm

A

petechiae

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12
Q

type of primary lesion that is palpable, solid lesion that measures >1 cm

A

plaque

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13
Q

type of primary lesion that is nonblanching reddish macules or papules representing extravascular deposits of blood, measure > 0.3 cm

A

purpura

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14
Q

type of primary lesion that is a lesion that contains pus, may be follicular or non follicular

A

pustule

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15
Q

type of primary lesion that is circumscribed, elevated lesion that measures < 1 cm and contains serous or hemorrhagic fluid

A

vesicle

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16
Q

type of primary lesion that is a round or annular, edematous papule or plaque that is characteristically evanescent, disappearing within hours; may be surrounded by a flare or erythema

A

wheal

17
Q

type of secondary lesion that is a depression in the skin resulting from thinning of the epidermis, dermis and/or subcutaneous fat

A

atrophy

18
Q

type of secondary lesion that is a collection of dried blood, serum, and/or cellular debris

A

crust

19
Q

type of secondary lesion that is a focal loss of epidermis does not penetrate below the dermal-epidermal junction and, therefore, can heal without scarring

A

erosion

20
Q

type of secondary lesion that is thickening of the epidermis resulting from repeated rubbing, appearing as accentuation of the skin markings

A

lichenification

21
Q

type of secondary lesion that is excess dead epidermal cells, silvery, greasy, desquamative or adherent

A

scale

22
Q

type of secondary lesion that is abnormal formation of connective tissue

A

scar

23
Q

type of secondary lesion that is a focal loss of full-thickness epidermis and partial to full-thickness dermis, which often heals with scarring

A

ulcer

24
Q

what are the types of global reaction pattern

A
  • papulosquamous eruptions
  • folliculopapular eruptions
  • dermal reaction patterns
  • purpura and petechiae
  • nonpalpable purpura
  • blistering disorders
25
Q

how to rule out melanoma?

A

ABCDE’s
Assymetry
irregular border
variegated colour
diameter > 6 mm
evolution

26
Q

what is oblique lighting used for?

A

to view degrees of elevation or depression in a lesion. done in a darkened roomw

27
Q

what is subdued lighting used for?

A

used to enhance the contrast between circumscribed hypopigmented or hyperpigmented lesions and normal skin

28
Q

what is the tool used to pick up fluorescent pigments and subtle color differences of melanin pigmentation

A

wood lamp

29
Q

what is the method called when firmly pressing a microscopic slide or glass spatula over a skin lesion

A

diascopy

30
Q

what is the test that uses substances to be tested are applied to the skin in shallow cups (finn chambers), taped onto the skin and left in place for 24-48 hours. Contact hypersensitivity will show as a papular vesicular reaction that will develop within 48-72 hours when the test is read

A

patch testing

31
Q

what is used to determined type I allergies

A

prick testing

32
Q

explain prick testing

A

a drop of a solution containing a small amount of the allergen is placed on the skin and the skin is pierced through this drop with a needle, a positive result would be a wheal appearing within 20 minutes

33
Q

what are the two different types of biopsy called

A

punch biopsy and excisional biopsy

34
Q

atopic dermatitis is associated with elevated serum ? levels

A

IgE levels

35
Q

T or F: atopic dermatitis will have increased skin thickness (lichenification)

A

true

36
Q

what is the distribution of seborrheic dermatitis

A

areas containing significant number of sebaceous glands

37
Q

how would you describe seborrheic dermatitis

A

scaling erythematous plaques, scales yellow, oily in appearance

38
Q

how would you describe dyshidrosis 9acute palmoplantar eczema)

A

chronic and recurrent intraepidermal vesicles on the plams, soles, and sides of the fingers. symmetric pattern

CMS 150 midterm (6 decks)

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