Week 2

Question 1

common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract or lower respiratory tract?

Answer 1

upper respiratory tract

Question 2

what is the most common cause of common cold?

Answer 2

rhinovirus

Question 3

T or F: Coughs usually end when your cold is over

Answer 3

False: cough may last 2-3 weeks after

Question 4

are chest exams usually normal when the patient has a common cold?

Answer 4

yes, indicating no signs of lower respiratory tract infection

Question 5

what is the main treatment for common cold?

Answer 5

self-limiting. No antibiotics unless secondary bacterial infection

Question 6

T or F For children < 6 years old, cough and cold medicines should be prescribed, recommended, or used

Answer 6

False, it should not!

Question 7

Influenza is infection by what?

Answer 7

influenza A or influenza B

Question 8

what is the contagious period of influenza?

Answer 8

1 day before symptoms to 5 days after symptoms onset

Question 9

what are some differences between common cold and flu

Answer 9

fever common in influenza, rare in colds unless children
headaches common in influenza and rare in colds
myalgias very common in influenza and slightly in cold

Question 10

what clinical finding has the highest positive likelihood ratio for influenza?

Answer 10

rigors

Question 11

explain influenza clinical decision rule

Answer 11

fever plus cough - 2 points
myalgias - 2 points
duration <48 hours - 1 point
chills or sweats - 1 point

Question 12

what is the most common complication with the flu?

Answer 12

pneumonia

Question 13

what is a screening test for hearing loss?

Answer 13

whisper test

Question 14

what are the 2 types of hearing loss?

Answer 14

conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

Question 15

what is conductive hearing loss?

Answer 15

hearing loss due to dysfunction in one or more parts of auditory pathway from the external ear to the middle ear

Question 16

what is sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 16

hearing loss due to dysfunction in one or more parts of auditory pathway between the inner ear and auditory cortex

Question 17

what should it indicate on the weber test and rinne test if patient has no hearing loss?

Answer 17

weber: midline (no lateralization)
rinne: air conduction > bone conduction

Question 18

what should it indicate on the weber test and rinne test if patient has conductive hearing loss?

Answer 18

weber: lateralization to affected ear
rinne: bone conduction > air conduction

Question 19

what should it indicate on the weber test and rinne test if patient has sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 19

weber: lateralization to unaffected ear
rinne: air conduction > bone conduction

Question 20

what is otitis externa aka “swimmer’s ear”

Answer 20

inflammation or infection of the external ear canal

Question 21

what is the most common bacterial infection for otitis externa

Answer 21

psedomonas species or staphylococcus aureus

Question 22

what is acute otitis media?

Answer 22

acute middle ear inflammation secondary to infection

Question 23

what are the most common bacterial causes of acute otitis media?

Answer 23

streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis

Question 24

what are two symptoms that have super high positive LR for AOM?

Answer 24

cloudy TM and bulging TM

Question 25

T or F: 80% of the time, AOM resolves without antibiotics?

Answer 25

true

Question 26

what is the antibiotic therapy of choice for AOM

Answer 26

amoxicillin

Question 27

what is a non-suppurative complication of AOM?

Answer 27

perforation of the TM

Question 28

what are the suppurative complication of AOM?

Answer 28

• acute mastoiditis
• meningitis
• brain abscesses