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CMS 150 midterm > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

what is another word for sore throat or inflammation of the pharynx

A

pharyngitis

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2
Q

what classifies as acute pharyngitis

A

less than 2 weeks duration

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3
Q

what classifies as chronic pharyngitis

A

more than 2 weeks duration

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4
Q

what are the 2 causes of pharyngitis? and which is more common?

A

infectious and non-infectious causes, infectious is more common

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5
Q

Infectious causes of pharyngitis is broken down into 2 categories which is? which one is more common?

A

viral and bacterial, viral is more common

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6
Q

what is the most common cause of viral pharyngitis?

A

common cold (rhinovirus and coronavirus = 25%)

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7
Q

what is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis?

A

Group A Beta-hemolytic streptococci

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8
Q

what is a red flag?

A

signs and symptoms found in the patient history and clinical examination that may indicate possible serious underlying pathology

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9
Q

what is acute epiglottitis?

A

inflammation of epiglottis and adjacent tissues

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10
Q

what is the bacterial infection that causes acute epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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11
Q

is antibiotic therapy required for acute epiglottitis?

A

yes

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12
Q

What is the 4Ds? (hint: key clinical presentation for acute epiglottitis)

A
  • dysphagia
  • drooling
  • dysphonia
  • distress
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13
Q

what is the most common deep infection of head and neck?

A

peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy)

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14
Q

what is the key characteristic of peritonsillar abscess?

A

severe unilateral sore throat

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15
Q

T or F: Peritonsillar Abscess patients may have trismus (lockjaw) and a rancid breath

A

true

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16
Q

what is retropharyngeal abscess?

A

retropharyngeal edema due to cellulitis and supporative adenitis of lymph nodes in retropharyngeal space

17
Q

what are 3 red flag conditions for pharyngitis?

A
  • acute epiglottits
  • peritonsillar abscess
  • retropharyngeal abscess
18
Q

what is a strong indication of infectious cause of pharyngitis?

A

fever

19
Q

T or F: viral causes of pharyngitis do not require antibiotic therapy unless there is a secondary bacterial infection

A

true

20
Q

what is the bacteria that causes streptococcal pharyngitis?

A

group A beta-hemolytic streptococci

21
Q

what are the non-suppurative complications from strep throat?

A
  • acute rheumatic fever (ARF)
  • poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
  • Pediatric autoimmune neurophsychiatric disorder assocated with group A streptococcal (PANDA)
22
Q

cause of ARF?

A

cross-reactive antibodies produced in reaction to GABHS infection

23
Q

what is poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

injury to the glomerulus due to deposition of immune complexes and circulating autoantibodies

24
Q

what is pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated to Group A strep?

A

abrupt onset of severe exacerbations of obsessive-compulsive type behaviours or tics in children following GABHS infection, thought to be due to antibodies cross-reacting with regions in the basal ganglia

25
Q

what are some suppurative complications?

A
  • peritonsillar abscess
  • retropharyngeal abscess
  • otitis media
  • mastoiditis
  • cervical lymphadenitis
  • meningitis
26
Q

what is the test that can help predict the probability of streptococcal pharyngitis and guide clinical decision making called?

A

Modified Centor Score (McIssac Score)

27
Q

what was newly added to the modified centor score and was not on the original centor score?

A

age

28
Q

what are the 5 things on the centor score? what is the Mnemonic

A

M-CENTOR
Must be older than 3 years
Cough
Exudates on tonsils
Nodes - anterior cervial
Temperature (>38)
Only young (<15 years old)
Rarely elder (>45 Years old)

29
Q

what do you do when you have a positive and negative rapid antigen test?

A

Positive: patient is treated without follow-up cutures
Negative: throat culture is obtained to confirmed strep

30
Q

what is the disadvantage to rapid antigen detection test?

A

cannot distinguish between carrier of GABHS and active infection, nor does it indicate antibiotic susceptibility or strain virulence

31
Q

what is the gold standard for diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis?

A

throat culture

32
Q

T or F: most steptococcal pharyngitis cases are self-limiting 7-10 days even without antibiotics

A

true

33
Q

what is the antibiotic therapy of choice for strep?

A

penicillin (unless patient has allergy)

34
Q

what is “kissing disease”?

A

infectious Mononucleosis

35
Q

is mono viral or bacterial? and what is the most common cause of it?

A

viral
most common cause: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

36
Q

what are the main indicators if a person has mononucleosis?

A

posterior cervical lymph nodes swollen
Splenomegaly (ruptured spleen)

37
Q

what is the test used to diagnose mononucleosis?

A

monospot test

CMS 150 midterm (6 decks)

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