Week 3 Flashcards
What structure is DNA?
Double helix
What structure is RNA?
Single helix
What does DNA and RNA have in common?
They are both bipolymers of nucleotides
What is mitosis?
Cell division
What is mRNA?
Messenger RNA
What is rRNA?
Ribosomal RNA
What is tRNA?
Transfer RNA
What does proteins having specific peptide sequences that guide them to specific locations cause?
Cell release and Organelle traffic
How many protein molecules are in a cell?
42 million
What are amino acids determined by?
Genetic code
What are amino acids joined covalently by?
Peptide bonds
What does the primary structure of a protein do?
Its the main determiner of protein shape and function
What does the secondary structure of a protein do?
Allows peptides to fold in complex ways
What does the tertiary structure of a protein do?
Allows confirmation of an entire polypeptide chain
What is a Van Der Waals interaction?
A non covalent attraction due to movement of ions in atomic/molecular orbitals
What does the quaternary structure of a protein do?
Allow subunits to come together
What factors affect denaturation?
Temperature/Acidity
What is the importance of protein folding?
Unfolded/misfolded proteins may contribute to the pathology of many diseases
What is an enzyme?
Biological catalyst
What are the 3 main common features of enzymes?
Speed up reactions, High specificity, Regulated catalytic power
What system is the active site usually?
Lock and key system
What factors can affect an enzyme reaction?
Increasing substrate, Increasing concentration, Temp/pH
