week 3

Question 1

what are the teeth shape of herbivs?

Answer 1

thin, ridged, ‘leaf shaped’ for shearing
broad flat teeth for grinding

Question 2

what are the teeth shape of carnivores?

Answer 2

sharp teeth for piercing; may be serrated

Question 3

what are the adaptations for frugivores?

Answer 3

ex. parrots have sharp hooked beaks to tear apart the peels of fruit

Question 4

what are the adaptations for piscivores?

Answer 4

tall, sharp, conical teeth WITHOUT serrations + long jaws

Question 5

what are the adaptations of insectivores?

Answer 5

• sharp piercing teeth to puncture chitonous exoskeleton
• thick short arms for digging

Question 6

omnivores eat both meat and plants. what are their teeth like?

Answer 6

either both carniv and herbiv teeth (ex. humans) or unspecialized beaks

Question 7

define durophagy

Answer 7

sharp teeth capable of cracking bones

Question 8

how are dinos similar to sharks and crocodiles with respect to teeth?

Answer 8

teeth are constantly growing and falling out. root gets resorbed

Question 9

for what reason do plant cells need special adaptation to be eaten? what are these adaptations?

Answer 9

plant cells are made of cellulose
- internal gut microbiome
- lots of chewing (dental batteries)
- longer gut (ornithiscians)

Question 10

what are the dinosaurs that had dental batteries? were they related?

Answer 10

hadrosaurs and ceratopsians both had dental batteries.

WERE NOT related
- hadrosaur dental batteries were meant for horizontal side to side/back and forth chewing
- ceratopsian dental batteries were meant for scissor like chewing

Question 11

what were dental batteries? were they meant for long term or short term use?

Answer 11

dental batteries are densely packed teeth that provide excellent chewing surfaces

dental batteries consist of diff tissues incl enamel (outside) and dentine (inside), which wear down at different rates

as teeth wore down quickly due to so much chewing (plant material was tough, after all), they were constantly being replaced

Question 12

what were the teeth of ankylosaurs and sauropods like?

Answer 12

simple teeth for nipping off vegetation - internal digestive organs did bulk of the work

Question 13

what dinosaurs are similar to chicken in the sense of the gastric mill?

Answer 13

oviraptosaurs and ornithomimids

Question 14

what were the unique traits of the oviraptosaurs and ornithomimids?

Answer 14

had a gastric mill which they filled with rocks (gastroliths). aided in digestion

Question 15

what adaptations did dromaeosaurs have to hunt?

Answer 15

retractable claw. being retractable allowed it to stay sharp, instead of dragging on the ground and dulling

Question 16

what are the key adaptations of alvarezsaurs ?

Answer 16

short front limbs w compact hands - insectivores

Question 17

what was unique about tyrannosaurs in the manner in which they eat

Answer 17

durophagy due to strong jaw, but also just straight passed bones through their digestive system

Question 18

what are cololites? what can we gather from them?

Answer 18

fossilized gut contents

Question 19

what are coprolites? what can we gather from them?

Answer 19

fossilized poop. also see what the specimen ate

Question 20

what is procumbent dentition?

Answer 20

an adaptation of fish where teeth at the front are pointed forward and at an angle - good for impaling fish to catch them

Question 21

what is the difference between a browsing and grazing herbivore?

Answer 21

browsing: eat higher up vegetation (ex. giraffes)

grazing: eat lower down vegetation (ex. horses)

Question 22

how do we mammals differ from sharks, crocodiles, and dinosaurs?

Answer 22

we grow a final set of adult teeth but sharks, crocs, and dinos constantly replace their teeth

Question 23

ceratopsian and hadrosaur dental batteries are examples of (convergent / divergent) evolution?

Answer 23

convergent