bonus stage! vocab test!! Flashcards
what is the term for the holes in the skull in front of the eyes?
antorbital fenestrae
what is the term for the holes in the skull behind the eyes
laterotemporal- + supratemporal fenestrae
what is the neural arch and the centrum?
components of the vertebrae
main disk is centrum, neural arch sits above to cover the neural canal (where spinal nerve runs through)
what is the term for the study of natural processes following the death of an organism?
taphonomy
what is the term for when an animal dies and its body expands from gas buildup, allowing for easier transport by water
bloat and float
what is the term for immense pressure that causes a fossil to irreparably alter its shape?
plastic deformation
what type of deposits were best for preserving the finer details of a fossil, such as soft tissue, hair, or feathers? what made them so great for this?
lacustrine deposits, which were former lake deposits. silt + still water was good for preserving fine details
are aeolian environments good for preserving fossils?
no, because aeolian environments have wind based deposits, which are prone to erosion
mudstone and shale are rocks made from what sediments, and are found from what environments?
mud + silt, found at lake bottoms
sandstone is a rock made from what sediments, and are found from what environments?
sand, found at former beaches or river channels
coal are rocks made from what sediments, and are found from what environments?
compressed organic material, found in swampy environments
limestone are rocks made from what sediments, and are found from what environments?
the accumulations of shells + exoskeletons of marine invertebrae, found in shallow marine environ
what is the term for when water soaks into bone, where the bone decays and minerals in the water makes a cast?
replacement
what is the term for when water soaks into a bone, preserving the bones with minerals
premineralization
what is the term for rocks that are directly attached to fossils?
overburden
what area (that we discussed) was formerly land locked under glacial recession? what does this area look like now?
dino park. very dry area with little vegetation due to glacial recession
in what environments will weathering significantly erode a fossil?
mountainous environ at high elevations
in what environments will microbes significantly decompose a fossil?
forests
what is the term for when certain bones of a fossil align, indicating water flow when it died?
long bone alignment
in a bone bed, what can the number of left femurs indicate?
the number of individuals, as there is only one left femur per body
what is the term for bone that has broken off the skeleton, such as tooth chips, bone chips, and the like
spirals
i have found a fossil of a bird with a sharp, hooked beak. what do we think it ate?
fruit (sharp, hooked beak is good at tearing the peels of fruit
i have found the jaw of an animal with tall, sharp, conical, nonserrated teeth. the jaw is also long. what did it likely eat?
fish
what is the term for special teeth adapted to eat plants, adapted by ceratopsians and hadrosaurs
dental batteries
retractable claws were characteristics of what theropod?
dromaeosaurs
insectivorous short front limbs w compact hands were characteristics of what dinosaur
alvarezsaurs
what is the term for fossilized gut contents?
cololites
what is the term for fossilized poop?
coprolites
what is the term for an adaptation of teeth where they are pointed forward at an angle?
procumbent dentition
i have found a fossil where it seems the humerus and femur project vertically. what stance did this dino take on?
erect
i have found a fossil where it seems the humerus and femur project horizontally. what stance did this dino take on?
sprawling
longer lower leg bones are characteristic of cursorial or graviportal limbs?
cursorial
what is the term for an animal that stands on its heel, sole, and toes at the same time?
plantigrade
what is the term for the important muscle connected to the ilium, vertebrae, and femur that powers running
caudofemoralis
i have found a fossil where the trochanter is located high on the femur. what dino was this?
a theropod
i have found a fossil where the trochanter is located lower on the femur. what dino was this?
a hadrosaur
fossils that demonstrate the existence of dinosaurs through non-fossil behaviours such as footprints, tooth marks, and burrows are called what?
ichnofossils
ectotherms could have experienced the benefits of endotherms due to their enormous size in a phenomenon called?
gigantothermism
what adaptation allowed dinos to colonize deeper terrestrial lands?
the amniotic egg
what is the term for developments in the body post-birth?
ontogenetic changes
what is the term for developments that change the relative proportions of certain body parts?
nonisometric change
what is the term for developments of the body that do not change the relative proportions of certain body parts?
isometric change
what is the term for when male and female dinos of the same species appear differently?
sexual dimorphism
what is the term for various adaptations the prevent an animal from being detected, through means such as hiding behaviours and chemical scent masking?
crypsis
what is the term for computer simulations that simulate how stress would be dispersed on objects?
finite element analysis
what is the term for binocular vision that prioritizes seeing with both eyes for better depth perception?
stereoscopic vision
what is the name for aggressive behaviours exhibited within a species?
agonistic intraspecific behaviour
what was the purpose of euplocephalus’ tail club?
WE CANNOT SAY butwe can prove it could withstand heavy impacts and that they could swing their tail clubs pretty hard
what is the term for a predator that persistently follows its prey until its prey is exhausted?
pursuit predator
what is the term for a predator that sneaks in close and pounces on its prey?
stalking predator
what was the purpose of pachycephalosaurs’ big ass 4heads
WE DONT KNOW but we can confirm it could withstand the force of headbutts + extra cushioning elements would protect the brain IF it headbutt
sarah is a paleontologist that has found a super long sauropod radius and ulna! how should she suggest it stood?
though their lower limbs were long, this was a circumstance of extraordinarily large proportions in general. sauropods were graviportal, NOT CURSORIAL, to support their immense weights.
would it be more accurate to say that dental batteries are “simple and uniform” or “varied and abrasive”? why?
varied, intricate, and abrasive
dental batteries had enamel on the outside and dentine on the inside, which wore away at different rates
