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paleo 200 > bonus stage! vocab test!! > Flashcards

bonus stage! vocab test!! Flashcards

1
Q

what is the term for the holes in the skull in front of the eyes?

A

antorbital fenestrae

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2
Q

what is the term for the holes in the skull behind the eyes

A

laterotemporal- + supratemporal fenestrae

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3
Q

what is the neural arch and the centrum?

A

components of the vertebrae

main disk is centrum, neural arch sits above to cover the neural canal (where spinal nerve runs through)

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4
Q

what is the term for the study of natural processes following the death of an organism?

A

taphonomy

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5
Q

what is the term for when an animal dies and its body expands from gas buildup, allowing for easier transport by water

A

bloat and float

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6
Q

what is the term for immense pressure that causes a fossil to irreparably alter its shape?

A

plastic deformation

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7
Q

what type of deposits were best for preserving the finer details of a fossil, such as soft tissue, hair, or feathers? what made them so great for this?

A

lacustrine deposits, which were former lake deposits. silt + still water was good for preserving fine details

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8
Q

are aeolian environments good for preserving fossils?

A

no, because aeolian environments have wind based deposits, which are prone to erosion

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9
Q

mudstone and shale are rocks made from what sediments, and are found from what environments?

A

mud + silt, found at lake bottoms

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10
Q

sandstone is a rock made from what sediments, and are found from what environments?

A

sand, found at former beaches or river channels

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11
Q

coal are rocks made from what sediments, and are found from what environments?

A

compressed organic material, found in swampy environments

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12
Q

limestone are rocks made from what sediments, and are found from what environments?

A

the accumulations of shells + exoskeletons of marine invertebrae, found in shallow marine environ

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13
Q

what is the term for when water soaks into bone, where the bone decays and minerals in the water makes a cast?

A

replacement

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14
Q

what is the term for when water soaks into a bone, preserving the bones with minerals

A

premineralization

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15
Q

what is the term for rocks that are directly attached to fossils?

A

overburden

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16
Q

what area (that we discussed) was formerly land locked under glacial recession? what does this area look like now?

A

dino park. very dry area with little vegetation due to glacial recession

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17
Q

in what environments will weathering significantly erode a fossil?

A

mountainous environ at high elevations

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18
Q

in what environments will microbes significantly decompose a fossil?

A

forests

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19
Q

what is the term for when certain bones of a fossil align, indicating water flow when it died?

A

long bone alignment

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20
Q

in a bone bed, what can the number of left femurs indicate?

A

the number of individuals, as there is only one left femur per body

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21
Q

what is the term for bone that has broken off the skeleton, such as tooth chips, bone chips, and the like

A

spirals

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22
Q

i have found a fossil of a bird with a sharp, hooked beak. what do we think it ate?

A

fruit (sharp, hooked beak is good at tearing the peels of fruit

23
Q

i have found the jaw of an animal with tall, sharp, conical, nonserrated teeth. the jaw is also long. what did it likely eat?

A

fish

24
Q

what is the term for special teeth adapted to eat plants, adapted by ceratopsians and hadrosaurs

A

dental batteries

25
Q

retractable claws were characteristics of what theropod?

A

dromaeosaurs

26
Q

insectivorous short front limbs w compact hands were characteristics of what dinosaur

A

alvarezsaurs

27
Q

what is the term for fossilized gut contents?

A

cololites

28
Q

what is the term for fossilized poop?

A

coprolites

29
Q

what is the term for an adaptation of teeth where they are pointed forward at an angle?

A

procumbent dentition

30
Q

i have found a fossil where it seems the humerus and femur project vertically. what stance did this dino take on?

A

erect

31
Q

i have found a fossil where it seems the humerus and femur project horizontally. what stance did this dino take on?

A

sprawling

32
Q

longer lower leg bones are characteristic of cursorial or graviportal limbs?

A

cursorial

33
Q

what is the term for an animal that stands on its heel, sole, and toes at the same time?

A

plantigrade

34
Q

what is the term for the important muscle connected to the ilium, vertebrae, and femur that powers running

A

caudofemoralis

35
Q

i have found a fossil where the trochanter is located high on the femur. what dino was this?

A

a theropod

36
Q

i have found a fossil where the trochanter is located lower on the femur. what dino was this?

A

a hadrosaur

37
Q

fossils that demonstrate the existence of dinosaurs through non-fossil behaviours such as footprints, tooth marks, and burrows are called what?

A

ichnofossils

38
Q

ectotherms could have experienced the benefits of endotherms due to their enormous size in a phenomenon called?

A

gigantothermism

39
Q

what adaptation allowed dinos to colonize deeper terrestrial lands?

A

the amniotic egg

40
Q

what is the term for developments in the body post-birth?

A

ontogenetic changes

41
Q

what is the term for developments that change the relative proportions of certain body parts?

A

nonisometric change

42
Q

what is the term for developments of the body that do not change the relative proportions of certain body parts?

A

isometric change

43
Q

what is the term for when male and female dinos of the same species appear differently?

A

sexual dimorphism

44
Q

what is the term for various adaptations the prevent an animal from being detected, through means such as hiding behaviours and chemical scent masking?

A

crypsis

45
Q

what is the term for computer simulations that simulate how stress would be dispersed on objects?

A

finite element analysis

46
Q

what is the term for binocular vision that prioritizes seeing with both eyes for better depth perception?

A

stereoscopic vision

47
Q

what is the name for aggressive behaviours exhibited within a species?

A

agonistic intraspecific behaviour

48
Q

what was the purpose of euplocephalus’ tail club?

A

WE CANNOT SAY butwe can prove it could withstand heavy impacts and that they could swing their tail clubs pretty hard

49
Q

what is the term for a predator that persistently follows its prey until its prey is exhausted?

A

pursuit predator

50
Q

what is the term for a predator that sneaks in close and pounces on its prey?

A

stalking predator

51
Q

what was the purpose of pachycephalosaurs’ big ass 4heads

A

WE DONT KNOW but we can confirm it could withstand the force of headbutts + extra cushioning elements would protect the brain IF it headbutt

52
Q

sarah is a paleontologist that has found a super long sauropod radius and ulna! how should she suggest it stood?

A

though their lower limbs were long, this was a circumstance of extraordinarily large proportions in general. sauropods were graviportal, NOT CURSORIAL, to support their immense weights.

53
Q

would it be more accurate to say that dental batteries are “simple and uniform” or “varied and abrasive”? why?

A

varied, intricate, and abrasive

dental batteries had enamel on the outside and dentine on the inside, which wore away at different rates

paleo 200 (15 decks)

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