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Research methods > week 3 > Flashcards

week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of validty

A

Internal validity
Construction validity

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2
Q

What is internal validity

A

is the degree of confidence that the causal relationship you are testing is not influenced by other factors or variables

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3
Q

What is construct validity

A

concerns the extent to which your test or measure accurately assesses what it’s supposed to

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4
Q

What is extraneous variables

A

Not being investigated that has the potential to affect the outcome of a research study

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5
Q

What is a confounding variables

A

related to both the supposed cause and the supposed effect

it can be difficult to separate extraneous variable and independent variable

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6
Q

What is variance

A

variability of data set

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7
Q

What types of variance

A

treatment variamce
error variance

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8
Q

What is treatment variance

A

difference due to what we’ve done

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9
Q

What is error variance

A

differences due to other variables

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10
Q

What are the two potential effects

A

Ceiling effects
Floor effects

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11
Q

What is the ceiling effects

A

the task is too easy

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12
Q

What is floor effects

A

the task is too hard

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13
Q

How trials effect measurement sensitivity

A

Too few trial leads to a more insensitive measure
Too many trials can lead to fatigue
We can also use precise equipment

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14
Q

What is the simplest fix for extraneous variables

A

Randomly assign them to groups as extraneous variables are more balanced out

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15
Q

What is standardisation and why do we do it

A

What- making the method and procedure controlled and precise
Why- minimises possibility of extraneous variables

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16
Q

How can we standardise procedures

A

We can use computers as stimuli and instructions are presented and displayed in the same way each time

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17
Q

What is the difference between confounding variable and extraneous variables

A

confounding variables differ systematically with aspects of the design

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18
Q

What is the biggest threat to a within participant design

A

Order effects

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19
Q

What is order effects

A

Changes in behaviour because of ‘when’ a certain condition is completed

20
Q

What are the types of order effects

A

Practice effects
Fatigue effects
Habituation

21
Q

What are practice effects

A

participents likely to get better at a task each time they do it

22
Q

What is fatigue effects

A

if there are a number of conditions, participants may get tired or bored which will affect performance

23
Q

What is habituation

A

participants may become less sensitive to a stimulus through repetition

24
Q

How can we solve order effects in a within-subject

A

Counterbalance

25
Q

What is counterbalancing

A

It is were there the participants are in different groups and the go through the conditions in different orders

26
Q

When can’t we do counterbalances

A

when there is 24 or more orders

27
Q

What can we do if we can’t counterbalance

A

Partially counterbalance Latin-square design

28
Q

What is a practice trial

A

A trial done before the experimental trial therefore anything can be adjusted before it to make it more accurate

29
Q

What is and why do we do randomisation

A

It helps eliminate systematic bias
presents the individual trials in a random order

30
Q

When do we many use between-participants

A

to see the effect of intervention or treatment

31
Q

What are the parts of between-studies

A

Pre-test
Experimental treatment
Post-test

32
Q

What is a Pre-test

A

the observation or measure before the intervention

33
Q

What is a experimental treatment

A

the different interventions or conditions

34
Q

What is a post-test

A

the observation or measure after the intervention

35
Q

What is Maturation effects

A

participants behaviour changes over time naturally

36
Q

What is history effects

A

something changes about the participant circumstances that influences the variable

37
Q

What is testing effects

A

merely having been tested before may have changed how they do on the post-test

38
Q

Why do you use a control group

A

to show that the iv does influence the DV and it is not other factors

39
Q

What are the types of control groups

A

Passive
Active
Waitlist

40
Q

What is a passive control group

A

participants do nothing/a meaningless alternative task, whist those not in the control conditions go through the manipulation

41
Q

What is a active control group

A

Participants do something that they could reasonably assume might have an effect but the researchers assume doesn’t

42
Q

What is a waitlist

A

participants are waiting to take part in the intervention/experimental conditions, and believe that they will be at some point

43
Q

What is attrition

A

participants starting but not completing the study

44
Q

What is differential attrition

A

when people leave one condition or treatment more than any other

45
Q

What is a longitudinal design

A

participation occurs across different sessions with significant time intervals

Differential attrition is an issue for these studies

46
Q

What is matched groups

A

where participants are matched on a third variable like age or IQ and then are split into each group so that it effect both groups negating the effects

47
Q

What is a pilot studies

A

used to spot issues before we do the real trials so that problems can be picked up and fixed e.g. unclear instructions, floor/ceiling effects and more

Research methods (11 decks)

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