week 2

Question 1

What do survey research allow to test for

Answer 1

Correlation, cross sectional

Question 2

What do experiments research allow to test for

Answer 2

Causation, longitudinal

Question 3

What is correlation

Answer 3

describes the size and direction of a relationship between two or more variables

Question 4

What is causation

Answer 4

indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of the other event

Question 5

What is a variable

Answer 5

Anything that changes

Question 6

What is an independent variable

Answer 6

Variable that is being manipulated /compared

Question 7

What is an dependent variable

Answer 7

variable being measured

Question 8

What is discrete data

Answer 8

Where no continuum exists; data can only take certain units

Question 9

Continuous data

Answer 9

Different scales of measurement; can take any value

Question 10

What are the two parts of categorical data

Answer 10

Nominal
Ordinal

Question 11

What is nominal data

Answer 11

categorical data/ data is in groups

Question 12

What is ordinal data

Answer 12

Has relative order

Question 13

what are the two types of continuous data

Answer 13

interval data
ratio data

Question 14

What is interval data

Answer 14

each unit in the scale represents an equal change, but no absolute zero

Question 15

What is ratio data

Answer 15

interval type data where proportions on the scale are meaningful as there is an absolute zero

Question 16

What is a level condition

Answer 16

condition can be many levels to a variable

Question 17

What is a level of an IV

Answer 17

A term for number of condition within a variable

Question 18

What are Self-report measures

Answer 18

operationalises a variable by recording people’s answers about themselves in a questionnaire or interview
Scales measure construct like stress, satisfaction

Question 19

What are observational measures

Answer 19

Operationalises a variable by recording observable behaviours/ physical traces behaviours

Question 20

What are physiological measure

Answer 20

operationalises a variable by recording biological data, such brain activity, hormone levels, or heart rate

Question 21

Why can some variables be manipulated

Answer 21

Not possible
Unethical
so instead use correlation desgin and quasi-experiment

Question 22

What is the three criteria for establishing causation between A and B variables

Answer 22

Covariance: results show that a changes b changes
Temporal precedence: the study’s method ensures that comes first in time before b
Internal validity: the study’s method ensure that there are no plausible alternative explanations for the change in B; A is the only thing that changed

Question 23

What are the type of design

Answer 23

Between subjects
within subjects

Question 24

What is between subjects

Answer 24

where different people do each conditions
Have two groups
all contribute to one score and look at difference

Question 25

What is within subjects

Answer 25

were participant do both conditions participants contribute to several scores and look at the difference in the scores

Question 26

What should a hypothesis be

Answer 26

Precise and falsifiable

Question 27

What is a directional hypothesis

Answer 27

States there will be a difference and in which direction

Question 28

What is a non directional hypothesis

Answer 28

states there will be a difference but not in which direction

Question 29

What is a Null hypothesis

Answer 29

states there will be no difference