week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What do survey research allow to test for

A

Correlation, cross sectional

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2
Q

What do experiments research allow to test for

A

Causation, longitudinal

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3
Q

What is correlation

A

describes the size and direction of a relationship between two or more variables

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4
Q

What is causation

A

indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of the other event

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5
Q

What is a variable

A

Anything that changes

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6
Q

What is an independent variable

A

Variable that is being manipulated /compared

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7
Q

What is an dependent variable

A

variable being measured

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8
Q

What is discrete data

A

Where no continuum exists; data can only take certain units

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9
Q

Continuous data

A

Different scales of measurement; can take any value

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10
Q

What are the two parts of categorical data

A

Nominal
Ordinal

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11
Q

What is nominal data

A

categorical data/ data is in groups

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12
Q

What is ordinal data

A

Has relative order

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13
Q

what are the two types of continuous data

A

interval data
ratio data

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14
Q

What is interval data

A

each unit in the scale represents an equal change, but no absolute zero

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15
Q

What is ratio data

A

interval type data where proportions on the scale are meaningful as there is an absolute zero

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16
Q

What is a level condition

A

condition can be many levels to a variable

17
Q

What is a level of an IV

A

A term for number of condition within a variable

18
Q

What are Self-report measures

A

operationalises a variable by recording people’s answers about themselves in a questionnaire or interview
Scales measure construct like stress, satisfaction

19
Q

What are observational measures

A

Operationalises a variable by recording observable behaviours/ physical traces behaviours

20
Q

What are physiological measure

A

operationalises a variable by recording biological data, such brain activity, hormone levels, or heart rate

21
Q

Why can some variables be manipulated

A

Not possible
Unethical
so instead use correlation desgin and quasi-experiment

22
Q

What is the three criteria for establishing causation between A and B variables

A

Covariance: results show that a changes b changes
Temporal precedence: the study’s method ensures that comes first in time before b
Internal validity: the study’s method ensure that there are no plausible alternative explanations for the change in B; A is the only thing that changed

23
Q

What are the type of design

A

Between subjects
within subjects

24
Q

What is between subjects

A

where different people do each conditions
Have two groups
all contribute to one score and look at difference

25
What is within subjects
were participant do both conditions participants contribute to several scores and look at the difference in the scores
26
What should a hypothesis be
Precise and falsifiable
27
What is a directional hypothesis
States there will be a difference and in which direction
28
What is a non directional hypothesis
states there will be a difference but not in which direction
29
What is a Null hypothesis
states there will be no difference