week 1 Flashcards
What are the 6 principles of scientific thinking
1) ruling out rival hypotheses
2) correlation vs causation
3) Falsifiability
4) Replicability
5) Extraordinary claims
6) Occam’s razor
What is theory
a specific set of assumptions and principles about a broad phenomenon
What is a hypothesis
Systematically test theory in various conditions to determine its utility
Who interduce the hypotheticodeductive method
Karl Popper
What is the hypotheticodeductive method
impossible to prove a scientific theory true by means of induction, because no amount of evidence assures us that contrary evidence will be found
What is Induction
Specific observation
Begin to detect patterns and regularities
Formulate some tentative hypotheses
Develop some general conclusion and theories
What is deduction
Theory about our topic of interest
Formulate specific hypotheses
Collect observations to address the hypotheses
Test the hypotheses with specific data
Conclusions-support or reject hypotheses
The process of hypothetico-deductive method
Theory
Hypothesis
Selection of participants
Survey studies/ Experimental designs
Data collection
Data analysis
Findings
What is Positivism
collection of observed information
Seeks to explain observed phenomena using general statements
Emphasises universality/generalisability
Primarily uses quantitative methods
What is Interpretivism
Explores subjectivity and meanings
No attempt to make general statements
Subjective meaning are of interest
Primarily makes use of qualitative method
What data is produced by experiments
Typically yield quantitative data
What data is produced by questionnaires
can produce both quantitative and qualitative information
What is criteria for a good research question
Feasible
Interesting
Novel
Ethical
Relevant
Report sections
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Result
Discussion
What is said in Abstract
A short precise summary of the whole report
