Week 3

Question 1

When do children normalize their speech delays?

Answer 1

75% at 6 years old
25% at 9 years old

Question 2

3 Stages of treatment principles

Answer 2

Establishment
Facilitation of generalization
Maintenence

Question 3

SSD Treatment Hierarchy

Answer 3

Single sound
Nonsense syllable
Word
Phrase
Sentence
Conversation
*For pairs, you have to start at the word level bc you are changing the meaning.

Question 4

The overall goal of treatment?

Answer 4

To increase intelligibility and communication.

Question 5

Phonetic Treatment Approach

Answer 5

Good for Phono kids
Correct production through contrasting sounds.
Only real words allowed.
Good for kids who use error patterns.
Good for stimulable sounds.

Question 6

Phonetic approach

Answer 6

Good for Artic kids
Made up words allowed
Good for limited speech error
Good for non-stimulable sounds

Question 7

Language-Based Approach

Answer 7

Naturalistic speech intervention.
Infused phonological awareness activities.

Question 8

Phonemic/Phonological Treatment

Answer 8

Only use meaningful stimuli (real words)
Only use stimulable sounds (if non stimulable, use phonetic)
Focus in linguistic approach

Question 9

Minimal Pairs

Answer 9

Utilize set of words that differ by a phoneme. (ship/dip)
Good for kids with mild to moderate phono.
Phonetic techniques may be necessary before minimal pair training.
Make sure client knows the meaning of the words otherwise they won’t understand the difference.

Question 10

Maximal Oppositions/Pairs

Answer 10

Good for kids with moderate to severe phono disorders.
Greater generalization than minimal pairs.
A “known” or “unknown” phoneme are used as a comparison rather then an error pattern.
Error sounds should be contrasted with VERY different sound.
ie. /k/ and /m/ because they differ in place, manner and nasality

Question 11

Minimal and Maximal Similarities

Answer 11

Reduce the occurrence of homonymy (collapse of multiple sounds).
Acquisition of phonemic distinction.

Question 12

Minimal and Maximal Differences

Answer 12

Degree of sounds contrast. Effects on generalization.
Max: selection based on a known and unknown sound relative to target.
Min: selection based on a child phonemic errors

Question 13

Multiple Oppositions

Answer 13

Global phoneme collapse.
Combine both minimal and maximal features.
Good for severe to profound speech disorders.
Eliminate/reduce collapse by using multiple phonemic contrasts.