Week 1

Question 1

Markedness

Answer 1

Marked sounds are the later developing sounds. More complex sounds

Question 2

Naturalness

Answer 2

earlier sounds that are easier to produce.

Question 3

How do SLP’s apply markedness and naturalness to clinical practice?

Answer 3

Can target the harder sounds first so they can develop the early sounds.
Suitable for older kids.

Question 4

Coarticulation

Answer 4

Influence sounds have on one another when linked together to make words, phrases, and sentences.
Doesn’t affect the meaning.
Doesn’t create a perceptual change.

Question 5

Assimilation

Answer 5

When a consonant starts to sound like another consonant in the word.
DOES create a perceptual change.

Question 6

Phonotactics:

Answer 6

ways in which phonemes are allowed to combine in a particular language.

Question 7

Morphophonemics

Answer 7

phonological variations within morphemes.
e.g. vowel changes in sleep and slept. consonant changes in knife and knives, loaf and loaves.

Question 8

Segmentals

Answer 8

vowels and consonants

Question 9

Suprasegmentals

Answer 9

intonation and stress

Question 10

Problem with motor planning =

Answer 10

Apraxia

Question 11

Problem with motor execution =

Answer 11

Dysarthria

Question 12

Speech Motor Planning

Answer 12

-Each speech sound has a core motor plan containing a number of motor goals.
-Structure Specific
Spatial: place, manner, articulation.
Temporal: time

Question 13

Speech Motor Programming

Answer 13

Muscle-specific
Muscle tone, movement, velocity, force and range.

Question 14

Motor Execution

Answer 14

plans and programs are transformed into actual movements

Question 15

Notation Symbols (x and y)

Answer 15

X = target sounds
Y = actual production

Question 16

SSD Definition

Answer 16

Any combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, and/or phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments

Question 17

2 types of SSD

Answer 17

Functional and Organic

Question 18

Functional:

Answer 18

No known cause.
Articulation
Phonology

Question 19

Organic:

Answer 19

Developmental or acquired
Motor/neurological
Structural
Sensory/Perceptual

Question 20

Words Medial Cluster:

Answer 20

the cluster of consonants in the middle position

Question 21

2 types of medial consonant clusters

Answer 21

Intra-syllabic
Inter-syllabic

Question 22

Intra-syllabic cluster

Answer 22

the sequences of consonants in the word medial position below to the same syllable.
e.g. re-ply

Question 23

Inter-syllabic cluster

Answer 23

the consonants belonging to different syllables occurs together.
e.g. movement /vm/
description /skr/

Question 24

Stage 1 of Phonologic Development

Answer 24

Prelinguistic (0-1yo)
Piaget: sensori-motor period
Linguistic: communicaiton through gestures and crying
Phonological: prelinguistic vocalization (cooing, vocal play, babbling, jargon)

Question 25

Stage 2 of Phonological Development

Answer 25

First Words (1-1:6)
Simple syllable structures

Question 26

Stage 3 of Phonological Development

Answer 26

Phonemic development (1:6-4:0)
Piaget: pre operational period, symbolic play
Linguistic: telegraphic (use words in combination. Between 3-4 simple sentences to short narrative
Phonological Stage: expand phonetic inventory. use of phonological processes

Question 27

Purpose of phonological processes

Answer 27

Ease production and learning.
Use milestones to determin if theyre age appropriate
4 types of artic errors: SODA

Question 28

Stage 4 of Phonological Development

Answer 28

Stabilization of Phonological System (4-8)
Piaget: early concrete operational period. child replies on immediate perception to solve tasks.
Linguistic: early complex sentences to compound-complex
Phonological stage: completion of phonetic inventory. good production, begin to read and write.

Question 29

Stage 5 of Phonological Development

Answer 29

Morphophonemic Development (7-12)
Piaget: concrete operational stage. more logical and concrete about things.
Linguistic: develop metalinguistic stage. increase sentence complexity. MLU NOT VALID
Phonological stage: morphophonological alterations are learned (electric to electricity)

Question 30

Stage 6 of Phonological Development

Answer 30

Spelling (12-16)
reading and writing
different types of discourse
complex sentence structure

Question 31

Examples of Organic SSD

Answer 31

CAS
Dysarthria
Hearing Disorder
Tongue tie
Tongue Thrust

Question 32

Examples of Functional SSD

Answer 32

Articulation disorder: errors (distortions and substitutions)
Phonological disorder: fronting, stopping, final consonant deletion, etc.)

Question 33

Frontal Lisp:

Answer 33

Tongue between teeth with /s/.
Okay depending on age.
Easy fix
Articulation Disorder

Question 34

Lateral Lisp

Answer 34

Slushy sound. blow out with /l/
Significant issue and takes longer.

Question 35

Orofacial Myofunctional Disorder (OMD)

Answer 35

Abnormal lip, jaw, or tongue position during rest, swallowing, or speech.
Interfere with how muscles of face are used for talking, eating and breathing

Question 36

Articulation Disorder

Answer 36

Substitution or distortions of the same sounds in isolation and in all phonetic contexts.
12% of indiv. with SSD
NO PATTERNS

Question 37

Phonological Delay/Disorder

Answer 37

Presence of speech error patterns that are typical for younger children.
55% of indiv. with SSD

Question 38

Consistent Atypical Phonological Disorder

Answer 38

One or more unusual developmental patterns.
Deficit in phonological representation and internal organization.
20% of SSD
Poor on tasks of phonological awareness

Question 39

Inconsistent Phonological Disorder

Answer 39

Unpredictable variation.
Deficit in phonological planning.
IMITATION>SPONTANEOUS
No oromotor difficulties

Question 40

Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Answer 40

Inconsistent errors in repeated production.
Lengthened and disrupted coarticulatory transitions.
Inappropriste prosody.
SPONTANEOUS>IMITATION
May involve multiple deficits.
Oromotor difficulties.