Week 3 Flashcards
Explain the DOL - Division of Labor
- **The real function of DOL - to produce social solidarity and increase morality
- Because of interdependence, we need each other and depend on each other, which decreases competition
- An increase in social volume, which puts strain on natural resources which requires the DOL which increases physical distance and diversity and then increases moral density
Explain the Anomie
- The term used to describe differentiation between individuals and their society
- Not feeling a part of your society/social structure, feeling “othered”
- Literal meaning: ***normlessness
- The lack of integration can lead to conflict
- The normlessness is a “sickness” in the social body
To rid society of the “sickness”, Durkheim believes we need the social AND individual parts (conception of the individual)
Explain Organic Solidarity/Social Solidarity
- Part of the MORAL function of the DOL
- Individuals need to feel that they are part of the whole, that their life has meaning
- Individuals need to be regulated to be directed towards the good of the whole - because he believed we are generally selfish
- Individuals need a coordinated social structure
Explain social pathology
-
Explain social integration
-
Explain Morality for Modernity
-
Durkheim believes that all problems we face can be traced back to __________
Problems of Integration - feeling integrated in society
What are Durkheims two opposing schools of thought
The French Enlightenment vs The Conservative/Anti-Enlightenment Reaction
French Enlightenment:
- individualism, individual liberties, democracy and secularism
The Conservative:
- society as an organism, focuses on the social whole
Durkheim says we need to combine these two for a functioning society
Durkheim says that individuality arose from collectiveness and not the other way around (humans have always had a tribe, a society, etc.)
Explain Durkheim’s conception of the individual
Social: Oriented towards fulfilling collective goals, developed through socialization
Individual: Oriented towards fulfilling individual needs, we each have our own personalities, ideas and pursuits.
Durkheim’s conception of the individual includes both of these: the individual person and the social person.
How does Durkheim think the lack of integration/anomie is solved?
He believes structural differentiation causes institutional differentiation. He believed that creating intermediary groups would solve the integration problem. He also believes the Universalization of Law and Generalization of Culture would solve this issue. i
What is collective consciousness, according to Durkheim?
The general will of society, which includes the collective representations and sentiments that guide and bind together our social group.
What is religion, according to Durkheim?
A unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden - beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them.
What is culture, according to Durkheim?
Symbols and practices that transmit meaning across time and space. Ideas, recipes for action, tools, norms, values, beliefs…
What is Durkheim’s generalization of culture?
A independent causal force fundamental to human society in all forms of evolution.
(example: feeling guilty if not standing up for the flag)
