Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Black lung: Who contracted it and what was it caused by?

A

Miners working in well ventilated mines did not have it but contracted it in poorly ventilated mines. Was solely caused by greed of owners for profit that this disease exists.

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2
Q

Definition of epidemiology

A

The statistical study of patterns of disease in the population. First to note difference in mortality rates between labourers and professionals.

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3
Q

The Canadian Department of Health was established in ___ by Minister __, created to address…

A

The Canadian Department of Health was established in 1919 by Minister Boden, created to address…
Quarantines
Food and drug standards
Promote ‘child welfare’
Campaigns against the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

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4
Q

What is health literacy?

A

Improving knowledge/developing life skills beneficial to individual and communal health

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5
Q

Health education prior to 1974

A
  • Increased research into health behaviours and creation of educational campaigns
  • Health Belief Model developed 1950s at Johns Hopkins uni
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6
Q

Rise of health promotion (1974-1986) - main events/focus

A
  • Realization in the 70s that health education was not having desired effects
  • More educated individuals but behaviors not adopted
  • Focus shifts to changing behaviours rather than simply educating about behaviours
  • Leads to ‘rise of health promotion’ in early 1970s.
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7
Q

Lalonde report (1974)

  • What did it encourage/advocate for?
  • What did it focus on?
  • Provided context for the __ conference in 19__
  • Delegates proposed countries stop investing in ___ and return to ____
A
  • First document by government of major developed country to advocate for investing in services beyond health care in order to improve the health of population, and encouraged investment in areas other than health care
  • Focus on individual elements of health (ie self imposed risk, individual blame for deleterious effect on health)
  • Alma-Ata, 1978
  • Delegates proposed countries stop investing in costly acute care and return to primary health care.
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8
Q

Golden Era of Health Promotion (1986-1994) - main events

A
  • World Health Assembly of WHO voted in 1979 a set of measures in keeping with the Lalonde Report and Alma-Ata Declaration
  • Not much happened after Lalonde report
  • Focusing on the individual leads to victim blaming
  • Canada creates Health Promotion Directorate – the first bureaucratic structure devoted to health promotion in the world.
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9
Q

The Ottawa Charter - enable definition

A

People cannot achieve their fullest health unless they are able to take control of those things which determine their health. Equal opportunities and equal access to resources to enable people

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10
Q

The Ottawa Charter - mediate definition

A

The prerequisites for health cannot be addressed by the health sector alone. Demands coordinated action by governments, health and other social and economic sectors, nongovernmental organization and voluntary organizations, local authorities, media and industry.

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11
Q

The Ottawa Charter - advocate definition

A

Health promotion action advocates for favourable conditions (make the best choice the easiest choice).
Includes action on factors that are political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioural, biological…

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12
Q

5 Key action areas for health promotion

A
  1. Build healthy public policy
  2. Create supportive environments
  3. Strengthen community actions
  4. Develop personal skills
  5. Reorient health services
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13
Q

Health promotion looks for coordinate approaches to…

A

Legislation
Fiscal measures
Taxation
Organizational change

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14
Q

Work and leisure should be a source of health for people - elaboration:

A

Organize to create a healthy society
Care for natural environment
Create conditions that are safe, satisfying, enjoyable

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15
Q

At the heart of health promotion is the empowerment of communities - elaboration:

A

Ownership and control of endeavours
Draw on existing human and material resources in community
Support public participation in health matters

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16
Q

Health promotion supports personal and social development - elaboration:

A

Providing information and education for health
Increasing options available to people to have more control over their own health
Enabling people to cope with illness and injuries

17
Q

Role of the health sector moves beyond providing clinical and curative services - elaboration:

A

Open channels between health sector and other sectors
Support needs of individuals and communities for healthier lives
Refocus on the total needs of the whole person

18
Q

Population health era (1994-2007) - main events:

A
  • Creation of new Population Health Directorate (replacing Health Promotion - Directorate)
    Creation of Public Health Agency of Canada in 2004
  • Some aspects of ‘health promotion’ remain but less investment at the highest level
19
Q

Population health promotion era (2007)

A

Still too early to understand but concepts from health promotion live on in various ways

  • Health literacy
  • Health (in)equity
  • Often at community level
20
Q

Timeline - 1951

A

first global conference of the international union for health education

21
Q

Timeline - 1974

A

release of “A new perspective on the health of canadians (aka the Lalonde Report)

22
Q

Timeline - 1978

A

the Alma-Ata conference on primary health care, co organized by the WHO and UNICEF
Creation of the canadian “health promotion directorate”

23
Q

Timeline - 1979

A

adoption of “health for all by year 2000” resolution by WHO

24
Q

Timeline - 1985

A

launch of “healthy communities” initiatives

25
Q

Timeline - 1986

A

WHO international conference on health promotion in ottawa and release of ottawa charter on health promotion and achieving health for all

26
Q

Timeline - 1994

A

key moment in convergence of health promotion and population health

27
Q

Timeline - 1995

A

creation of canadian “population health directorate” replacing the health promotion directorate

28
Q

Timeline - 2004

A

creation of public health agency of canada

29
Q

Timeline - 2007

A

19th global conference on international union for health promotion and health education