Week 3 Flashcards
Black lung: Who contracted it and what was it caused by?
Miners working in well ventilated mines did not have it but contracted it in poorly ventilated mines. Was solely caused by greed of owners for profit that this disease exists.
Definition of epidemiology
The statistical study of patterns of disease in the population. First to note difference in mortality rates between labourers and professionals.
The Canadian Department of Health was established in ___ by Minister __, created to address…
The Canadian Department of Health was established in 1919 by Minister Boden, created to address…
Quarantines
Food and drug standards
Promote ‘child welfare’
Campaigns against the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
What is health literacy?
Improving knowledge/developing life skills beneficial to individual and communal health
Health education prior to 1974
- Increased research into health behaviours and creation of educational campaigns
- Health Belief Model developed 1950s at Johns Hopkins uni
Rise of health promotion (1974-1986) - main events/focus
- Realization in the 70s that health education was not having desired effects
- More educated individuals but behaviors not adopted
- Focus shifts to changing behaviours rather than simply educating about behaviours
- Leads to ‘rise of health promotion’ in early 1970s.
Lalonde report (1974)
- What did it encourage/advocate for?
- What did it focus on?
- Provided context for the __ conference in 19__
- Delegates proposed countries stop investing in ___ and return to ____
- First document by government of major developed country to advocate for investing in services beyond health care in order to improve the health of population, and encouraged investment in areas other than health care
- Focus on individual elements of health (ie self imposed risk, individual blame for deleterious effect on health)
- Alma-Ata, 1978
- Delegates proposed countries stop investing in costly acute care and return to primary health care.
Golden Era of Health Promotion (1986-1994) - main events
- World Health Assembly of WHO voted in 1979 a set of measures in keeping with the Lalonde Report and Alma-Ata Declaration
- Not much happened after Lalonde report
- Focusing on the individual leads to victim blaming
- Canada creates Health Promotion Directorate – the first bureaucratic structure devoted to health promotion in the world.
The Ottawa Charter - enable definition
People cannot achieve their fullest health unless they are able to take control of those things which determine their health. Equal opportunities and equal access to resources to enable people
The Ottawa Charter - mediate definition
The prerequisites for health cannot be addressed by the health sector alone. Demands coordinated action by governments, health and other social and economic sectors, nongovernmental organization and voluntary organizations, local authorities, media and industry.
The Ottawa Charter - advocate definition
Health promotion action advocates for favourable conditions (make the best choice the easiest choice).
Includes action on factors that are political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioural, biological…
5 Key action areas for health promotion
- Build healthy public policy
- Create supportive environments
- Strengthen community actions
- Develop personal skills
- Reorient health services
Health promotion looks for coordinate approaches to…
Legislation
Fiscal measures
Taxation
Organizational change
Work and leisure should be a source of health for people - elaboration:
Organize to create a healthy society
Care for natural environment
Create conditions that are safe, satisfying, enjoyable
At the heart of health promotion is the empowerment of communities - elaboration:
Ownership and control of endeavours
Draw on existing human and material resources in community
Support public participation in health matters