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BIM203 Blood Banking > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

antigens that are coded by different alleles of a single gene are referred to as.

A

antithetical alleles

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2
Q

Antigens from inherited alleles are expressed is describing

A

codominant alleles - most antigens are codominant

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3
Q

Null phenotypes result from inheriting 2 amorphic recessive alleles is describing

A

silent or amorphic alleles

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4
Q

Some antigens have regulator or modifying genes which can…..

A
  • Alter gene expression

* May act across multiple blood group systems

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5
Q

Genes are written in

A
  • Written in italics

* Le, Se, H genes (this should be in italics)

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6
Q

Antigens are written with…….

A

a combination of upper and lower case +/- superscript

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7
Q

Phenotypes are written with……

A
  • Plus sign or minus sign used to designate presence or absence of an antigen.
  • K-k+
  • Le(a+b-)
  • M+N-
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8
Q

Antibodies are written with……

A
  • Antigen notation with prefix “anti-”, including a hyphen before the antigen symbol • Anti-K
  • Anti-Lea
  • Anti-M
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9
Q

Cold reacting antibodies react best at what temps? and are they usually IgG or IgM?

A
  • Reacts best at room temperature or below

* Usually IgM

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10
Q

Warm reacting antibodies react best at what temps? and are they usually IgG or IgM?

A
  • Reacts best at 370C

* Usually IgG

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11
Q

What is meant by clinically significant?

A

Antibodies that are associated with decreased red cell survival - can cause transfusion reactions or HDNB

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12
Q

What is meant by dosage?

A
  • Observe stronger agglutination when a red cell antigen is expressed from homozygous genes
  • Eg. Jk(a+b-) or Jk(a-b+) will exhibit stronger agglutination than Jk(a+b+)
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13
Q

What does the Direct anti-globulin test detect?

A

antibodies bound to red cells

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14
Q

What does the Indirect anti-globulin test detect?

A

antibodies in the plasma

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15
Q

What is the Enzyme phase?

A

Enzymes can be used to enhance reactions in the lab

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16
Q

Apart from ABO and Rh antibodies, what is most common Ab seen in blood bank?

A

anti-K

From the Kell system

17
Q

Complement can cause the in vivo destruction of rbc following an incompatible blood transfusion if the antibody involved can bind C3 or C9.

A

Just be aware

18
Q 
Kell system and Anti-K
Clinical Significance?
Antibody class?
HDNB?
Optimal Temp? (Warm or Cold)
Effect of Enzymes?
Dosage?
A 
Clinical Significance? Yes
Antibody class? IgG
HDNB? Yes
Optimal Temp? (Warm or Cold) Warm
Effect of Enzymes? No effect
Dosage? occasionally
19
Q 
The Kidd System antibodies
Clinical Significance?
Antibody class?
HDNB?
Optimal Temp? (Warm or Cold)
Effect of Enzymes?
Dosage?
A 
Clinical Significance? Yes
Antibody class? IgG
HDNB? rarely severe
Optimal Temp? (Warm or Cold) Warm
Effect of Enzymes? enhanced
Dosage? yes
20
Q 
The Duffy System Antibodies
Clinical Significance?
Antibody class?
HDNB?
Optimal Temp? (Warm or Cold)
Effect of Enzymes?
Dosage?
A 
Clinical Significance? yes
Antibody class? IgG
HDNB? Yes
Optimal Temp? (Warm or Cold) Warm
Effect of Enzymes? no effect
Dosage? yes
21
Q

Are Anti M and Anti-N clinically significant?

A

Only if they react in AHG at 37c. Otherwise no

displays dosage

22
Q 
S and s antigens
Clinical Significance?
Antibody class?
HDNB?
Optimal Temp? (Warm or Cold)
Effect of Enzymes?
Dosage?
A 
Clinical Significance? yes
Antibody class? IgG
HDNB? Yes
Optimal Temp? (Warm or Cold) Warm
Effect of Enzymes? Variable
Dosage? Yes
23
Q

What are the 4 blood group systems that are most clinically significant?

A

Kell
Duffy
Kidd
MNS

24
Q

List 4 blood group systems that are sometimes Clinically Significant

A

Lewis
Lutheran
P
I

25
Q

List the IgM antibodies

A 
Llipman
Lewis
Lutheran
li
P
M
A-B-H
N
26
Q

List the antibodies that display dosage

A 
The Duffy kids dosed up on reeses pieces and MnNs
Duffy
Kidd
rhesus
MNSs
27
Q

Which red cell Abs have reactivity that is enhanced by enzymes?

A

Kidd
Lewis
I
P

28
Q

Which red cell Ags are removed by enzyme?

A

Duffy
M
N

29
Q

What is meant by immunogenicity?

A

The ability to generate strong antibody response

BIM203 Blood Banking (7 decks)

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