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BIM203 Blood Banking > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What cell line are antigens derived from?

A

B-Cell immunity

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2
Q

What cell line are antibodies derived from? Include direct cell they come from.

A

B-Cell immunity - Lymphoblasts - Plasma cells

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3
Q

Phagocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells and compliment are part of what immunity system?

A

Innate immunity

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4
Q

B lymphocytes, antibodies, T lymphocytes, effector T cells are part of what immune system?

A

Adaptive

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5
Q 
Consider the following regarding innate immunity.
Activity
Response
Potency
Specificity
Memory
A 
Activity- Always ON
Response -  Immediate (minutes)
Potency - Low 
Specificity - NOT specific i.e. general
Memory Nil
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6
Q 
Consider the following regarding adaptive immunity.
Activity
Response
Potency
Specificity
Process
Memory
A 
Activity - Normally OFF
Response - Slow (days)
Potency -  Higher
Specificity  - Ag specific
Process - Slow
Memory - Yes and subsequent response is faster & stronger
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7
Q

Antigens are also known as _______

A

immunogens

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8
Q

Foreign molecules that bind specifically to an antibody (Ab) or a T-cell receptor

A

antigen

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9
Q

Non-self substance capable of triggering an immune response

A

antigen

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10
Q

Parts/sites of the Ag that are recognised and bound by a particular Ab or T-cell receptor

A

Epitope of antigenic determinant

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11
Q

List 5 factors that contribute to immunogenicity of Ag

A
  1. Degree of foreignness
  2. Mass (> 10,000 Da)
  3. Dosage (no. of cells) and antigen density on cells
  4. Chemical composition and complexity
    (Proteins > Carbohydrates > Lipids (inert))
  5. Route of Administration affects immunogenicity
    (Intravenous (IV) & intraperitoneal (IP)
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12
Q

List the three regions on a basic antibody. (make sure you can label a drawing

A

Fab - Fragment antigen binding
FV - Fragment Variable
FC - Fragment Constant

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13
Q

IgG is referred to as a __________ and IgM is referred to as a ________

A

Monomer, Pentamer

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14
Q

Which is bigger IgG or IgM?

A

IgM

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15
Q

How many binding sights does a IgG and a IgM have?

A

IgG - 2

IgM - 10

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16
Q

Is this describing IgG or IgM - long-term immunity, memory antibodies, neutralizes toxins, opsonizes, fixes complement

A

IgG

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17
Q

Is this describing IgG or IgM - produces at first response to antigen, can serve a B-cell receptor

A

IgM

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18
Q

Can IgG and IgM both cross the placenta?

A

Only IgG due to it’s size

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19
Q

Which has a higher serum concentration percentage?

A

IgG 75% compared to IgM 10%

20
Q

What is the optimum reaction temp for IgG and IgM?

A

IgM - 2-24C | IgG 37C

21
Q

Cells or tissues from a genetically different individual is referred to as __________

A

allogeneic

22
Q

cells or tissues from self is referred to as _________

A

Autologous

23
Q

What are the three major biological activities of

the complement system?

A
  1. opsonization (prepare for eating),
  2. lysis of target cells, and
  3. stimulation of inflammatory
    mediators
24
Q

The alternate pathway is initiated by what?

A

The alternative pathway is initiated by the membrane

property of a microorganism.

25
The classical pathway is initiated by what?
The classical pathway is initiated by an antigen-antibody reaction.
26
Stages of in vitro Ag-Ab reactions Stage 1 – Sensitisation Describe
Ab attach to antigens on RBC membrane | but is random & NOT visible
27
Stage 2 – Agglutination | Describe
Formation of bridges between sensitised red cells | Forms lattice that can be visualised
28
What factors influence - Stage 1 Sensitisation (5)
``` o Serum to cell ratio o Reaction temperature o Incubation Time o pH o Ionic strength ```
29
What factors influence - Stage 2 Agglutination
o Distance b/w cells o Concentration of Ag to Ab o Centrifugation
30
In the PROzone what is in excess to cause small complexes ?
Ab
31
Which zone has large complexes (ratio of serum to cell)
Zone of Equivalence
32
Zeta potential - _______ charge on surface of red cell | Cloud of _______ charged ions surround
Negative, positively
33
Zeta potential keeps red cells approx _____ nm apart
18-20nm
34
What are 3 things that can decrease the Zeta potential to enhance IgG reaction?
1. Add protein to solution 2. Reduce ionic strength of solution 3. Proteolytic enzymes
35
These antibodies will react with human antibody and | complement on red cells or in serum
Antihuman globulin (AHG)
36
Detects IgG Ab and complement proteins attached to RBC
Antihuman globulin (AHG)
37
What test is conducted to determine if RBC have been sensitised in vivo (i.e. Ab “already” bound to RBC).
Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)
38
Immune haemolysis leads to a Positive DAT. What are 3 possible causes?
Transfusion reaction, Autoimmune haemolytic anemia, haemolytic disease of the newborn
39
What test is conducted for compatibility testing to determine if the patient haw any IgG antibody in their sample?
Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT)
40
Cards with microcolumns filled with matrix (gel or glass) is called what?
Column Agglutination Test/Technology (CAT)
41
What is the principle of Cards with microcolumns filled with matrix test.
Agglutinated cells are larger thus cannot pass thru matrix and stay on top. Non agglutinated cells can pass thru matrix & fall to bottom of colum
42
Specific location of gene on chromosome is called what?
Genetic loci
43
Different forms of a gene at specific locus is referred to as what?
Allele = E.g. ABO has 3 alleles – A, B & O
44
Only one form of allele req. to express ie. always expressed
Dominant allele
45
Only expressed when inherited from both parents i.e. double (homozygous) dose
Recessive allele
46
Gene that does not produce any detectable trait/chracteristic/expression Eg. O gene
Silent amorph
47
Expressed even when single gene is present | Equal expression of 2 different inherited alleles
Codominant alleles

BIM203 Blood Banking (7 decks)

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