Week 2B (Quiz study) Flashcards
What (11 general) activities are involved in the research process
- Topic
- Develop research question/s (hypothesis)
- Design a study
- Select/obtain a sample
- Design measures
- Data collection
- Data coding
- Data entry
- Data analysis
- Report writing
- Disseminate findings
Qualitative research (Language is important)
Consists of a research question
(Framed as an open ended question) Use of words
Quantitive research (Language is important)
Consists of a hypothesis
(Refers to your clearly expectation of what you will find) Use of numbers
- Topic
research activity
Broad theme/area of interest to the researcher (i.e. research problem)
- Develop question/hypothesis
research activity
- Gives the purpose of the research and states the ‘research questions (Qual) and hypothesis (Quant)
- Design
research activity
Who/how will the hypotheses/question be tested?
- Sample (research activity)
On who will the hypotheses/question be tested?
small group of the population of interest
- Measures
research activity
What will participants be tested on?
- Survey
- What is your instrument?
- Data collection
research activity
Gather data
- Coding
research activity
Grouping data into appropriate thematic categories.
i. e.
- Code/theme/group by sex (the data)
- Reason they become homeless (the data)
- Data entry
research activity
Into appropriate software to summarise data and assist with analysis
Software:
- Quant - SPSS (Statistical Package in the Social Sciences)
- Qual - NVivo (was known as NUDE)
- Analysis
research activity
Compare actual data with expected hypotheses/question
(what was observed, what was tested, with your logical explanation) and report
i.e.
- Journal article
- Research report
- Thesis (much larger scope)
- Writing/Reporting
(research activity)
Research activity (RA) - 11 = Report Heading (RH) - 9
(RA) 1. Topic = (RH) 3. Introduction
(RA) 2. Develop research question = (RH) 4. Literature Review
(RA) 3. Design = (RH) 5. Method
(RA) 4. Sample = (RH) 5. Method
(RA) 5. Measures = (RH) 5. Method
(RA) 6. Data collection = (RH) 5. Method
(RA) 7. Coding = (RH) 5. Method
(RA) 8. Data entry = (RH) 5. Method
(RA) 9. Analysis = (RH) 7. Discussion
(RH 6. Reflects an indirect level of analysis, by how it is being reported - Subcategories being reported)
- Disseminate
research activity
A
- Title
Research Report Heading
Contains all of the independent ‘key’ variables
i.e.
full, simple indication of what the study is about (IV and DV)
- Abstract
Research Report Heading
- Approximately 100-150 (200) words
- Short summarise main points from sections (concise writing) of the entire paper (everything)
BEST TO WRITE AT THE END
i.e. - why we did it?
- what we were hoping to see?
- how we did it? (intro method)
- what we found?
- result?
- what we think it means?
- why we think we go the results?
- Introduction
Research Report Heading)
- Approximately 300-400 words
- Identifies the topic (research problem)
- Provide a starting point from the broad research problem
- Literature review
Research Report Heading
- Approximately 400-700 words
- Make up of several detailed ‘body paragraphs’ explaining:
1. Back ground: What’s the controversy and why it occurs
2. Previous evidence: what other researchers have said/found about competing sides of the controversy
3. Logical theory: Which side of the argument (if at all) you support and why
4. Hypotheses: How your research design will provide evidence
Each body paragraph has a:
- Topic sentence (content/idea, broad indicator)
- Argument/evidence (several sentences that provides support/evidence suggested in topic sentence, summary)
- Leading sentence: Sentences that links the paragraph to the next. (creating logical flow/argument)
- Method
Research Report Heading
- Approximately 300-500 words
- Describe how the hypothesis has been tested
- Contains a summary of
- Results
Research Report Heading
- Approximately 500 words
- Describe all the findings (do not explain the results)
- Discussion
Research Report Heading
- Approximately 500-1000 words
1. Describe all the main findings (again)
- Analyses the extent to which the findings provide support for the expected hypotheses and why
(inconsistent results are important for identifying gaps in the theory) - Identifies limitations in method that affect inferential power on theory.
(i. e. sample size not sufficient) - Provides a concluding statement
(Did you agree or disagree with hypothesis?) - Makes recommendations for future research
- References
Research Report Heading
- Should all first appear in the literature review
(New references should not be introduced in the discussion) - Follow APA (7th ed) standards
- No plagiarism - you must cite all sources of information
- Appendices
Research Report Heading
Not in GU Essay (2020)
- Strict word limits
- Usually in a research reports rather than journal articles
- Contains additional information beyond the word limit
Though they are not mutually exclusive activities, what is the relationship between theory, research and practice
Theory, research and practice influence one another.
- Theoretical ideas: influences how we go about designing our study to find the evidence to support logic ideas... IMPACTS... - Researcher: Collect the data - Practice: Work with specific clients (Constant mutual exchange)
Hypothesis
A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
Generalisations
Arguments involving making a general claim based on limited or specific evidence
Analogies
Drawing conclusions about on situation based on what you know about another
General Principles
- Involves applying general principles to a specific case (Opposite of generalisation)
Causal Reasoning
Offer what is determined to be the best possible explanation for why something has happened.
i. e.
- One thing necessarily lead to another thing happening
- Can be use to develop and assess arguments
Linking Research, Theory and Practice
Research -
Theory -
Practice -
