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Human Services Research 2020 > Week 1 (Quiz Study) > Flashcards

Week 1 (Quiz Study) Flashcards

The Research Process

1
Q

What is science?

A

Science is not a ‘thing’ it is a ‘method of inquiry’ for understanding nature.

(The way we explore our world)

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2
Q

Social Science is concerned with?

A

Human nature, or the nature of society.

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3
Q

Natural Science is concerned with?

A

Physical, chemical or biological nature

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4
Q

3 particular characteristics of science:

A
  1. Conscious
  2. Deliberate
  3. Rigorous
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5
Q

Science is defined as?

A
  • A method of inquiry

- The method used to try and understand something

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6
Q

3 philosophical approaches to reality are…

A
  1. Pre-modern
  2. Modern
  3. Post modern
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7
Q

Pre-modern

philosophical approach to reality

A
  • Reality exists
  • Humans see reality
  • If humans differ on what they see, the ‘other’ is wrong
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8
Q

Modern

philosophical approaches to reality

A
  • Reality exists
  • Humans see reality
  • If humans differ on what they see, neither are right or wrong
    (i. e. ‘Different strokes for different folks’ OR Reality exists but the views about it do not belong to the object, only to the viewer
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9
Q

Post modern

philosophical approaches to reality

A
  • Humans do not see reality because there is no reality to see
  • All that is real is the viewers ‘perspective’
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10
Q

Differences between the 3 philosophical approaches to reality are…

A
  1. Pre-modern and modernism both hold reality that exists and that humans see, but the latter does not make judgements in accuracy about difference in what is seen.
  2. Post-modern holds that an objective reality does not exist independent of perceived reality
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11
Q

Nieve realism

A
  • Never questioning what is real

- Assuming what we experience, is real.

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12
Q

Social researchers are human trying to find reality…

Common cognitive errors when looking for reality

A
  • Humans make cognitive errors when looking for reality

- Science aims to guard against these errors.

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13
Q

4 common cognitive errors when looking at reality…

A
  1. Inaccurate observation (Deliberate observation)
  2. Overgeneralisation
    (Large and representative sampling)
  3. Selective observation
    (Involve other researches)
  4. Illogical reasoning
    (Involve other researchers)
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14
Q

Inaccurate observation…

common cognitive errors

A
  • Everyday observation is typically casual

- Deliberate observations guard against this error

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15
Q

Overgeneralisation…

common cognitive errors

A
  • Humans tend to use a small number of events to infer a general pattern
  • Humans seek to create generate patterns because they provide order to predictability
    NOTE: prediction different to understanding
  • This bias is heightened when there is time-pressure
  • Large and representative sampling, and replication, guards against error.
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16
Q

Selective observation…

common cognitive errors

A
  • The tendency to observe events that are consistent with the expectations
  • Uses overgeneralisation to make self-fulfilling prophecies
  • Involve other researchers to guard against this error
17
Q

Illogical reasoning…

common cognitive errors

A
  • ‘Gambler’s fallacy’: good luck just around the corner

- Involve other researchers to guard against this error

18
Q

The 2 main characteristics of science…

A

For researchers to accept that something night be true, their assertions (or general pattern) should be..

  1. Logic
  2. Testing (empirically verifiable)

They both help bridge contradictions between the experiential and agreement as knowledge

19
Q

Epistemology is…

A
  • The science of knowing

- Broadly known as the pursuit of knowledge

20
Q

There are 2 types of knowledge…

A
  1. Agreement knowledge Second-hand:
    - Traditional (Turn to past)
    - Authority (Turn to experts)
    - Social (Reinforcing/agree with status quo)
  2. Experiential knowledge
    - First-hand (experience)
    - Personal (experience)
21
Q

2 benefits of agreement knowledge…

A
  1. It’s practical

2. Socially reinforcing

22
Q

The nature of reality is…

A

A philosophical problem with three approaches…

  1. Pre-modern
  2. Modern
  3. Post-modern

Human Services Research 2020 (5 decks)

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