Week 2b: Eukaryotic Cells and their Organelles

Question 1

The nucleus contains a ____ called the nuclear envelope, which contains _____.

Answer 1

contains a DOUBLE MEMBRANE BOUNDARY, called the nuclear envelope, which contains NUCLEAR PORES.

Question 2

The nucleus contains ___ which are only visible during cell division.

Answer 2

contains CHROMOSOMES (DNA and proteins) which are only visible during cell division.

Question 3

When the cell is not involved in cell division, how is the DNA present?

Answer 3

DNA exists as chromatin; long thin strands with no distinct shape.

Question 4

What is a nucleolus?

Answer 4

Present in the nucleus, composed of DNA and protein, the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis.

Question 5

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 5

Controls cell activities and to pass on hereditary information to the next generation.

Question 6

The mitochondria consists of:

Answer 6

A smooth outer membrane and an extensively folded inner membrane

Question 7

What takes place within the mitochondria?

Answer 7

The latter stages of aerobic respiration, produce large amounts of energy via breakdown of molecules

Question 8

The membrane of the mitochondria is ______ that are necessary for respiration to occur.

Answer 8

Studded with enzymes

Question 9

The chloroplast is the site of ______.

Answer 9

Photosynthesis.

Question 10

The chloroplast contains:

Answer 10

• A double membrane bond

- (internally) flattened sacks called thylakoids arranged in stacks called granum

Question 11

The fluid surrounding the granum is called ______.

Answer 11

Stroma

Question 12

Thylakoids store the pigment ___ which?

Answer 12

Chlorophyll, which captures light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 13

The first stage of photosynthesis occurs in the _____, while the final stage occurs in the _____.

Answer 13

grana, final stage occurs in the stroma.

Question 14

Photosynthesis equation:

Answer 14

Carbon Dioxide and Water in the presence of light ===== Glucose and Oxygen

Question 15

What is the vacuole?

Answer 15

A membrane bound fluid-filled space, which is large in plants and small in animal cells.

Question 16

The fluid in the vacuole contains which solutes?

Answer 16

Salts, simple sugars, amino acids

Question 17

What are the functions of the vacuole?

Answer 17

Storage, maintaining osmotic balance (water and salt), cell shape (turgity)

Question 18

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 18

a system of internal folded membranes that are continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus.

Question 19

What is the ROUGH ER and it’s function?

Answer 19

• Ribosomes attached

- Main function is modification and transport of proteins throughout the cell

Question 20

What is the SMOOTH ER and it’s function?

Answer 20

• No ribosomes attaches

- Main function is lipid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism

Question 21

What is the golgi body and what does it contain?

Answer 21

• The golgi body packages and secretes proteins and carbohydrates via exocytosis.
• Contains series of flattened sacs made of smooth membrane and small cesicles

Question 22

What are vesicles?

Answer 22

Found in eukaryotic cells, vesicles are made of spherical sacs of membrane and are used to transport materials made by the cell (ie: lipids and proteins). They are involved in secreting materials outside of the cell.

Question 23

What are lysosomes?

What is its function?

Answer 23

made of special vesicle with a low internal pH and hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes inside of it.

Its function is to breakdown molecules in cells.

Question 24

What is the ribosome?

Answer 24

Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, it is made of complex rRNA and proteins.
Contains two subunits which come together by binding to an mRNA molecule during translation.

Question 25

What is the cytoskeleton and what does it consist of?

Answer 25

• Microfilaments made of actin,
• Intermediate filaments - strong fibrous proteins which strengthen cells
• Microtubules made of tubulin - involved in cell movement

Question 26

What are the three main functions of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 26

Support (maintain cell shape), movement, regulation (relay of messages)