week 2.2

Question 1

collagen

Answer 1

major ECM molecule

Question 2

hydroxapatite

Answer 2

harder than calcite, found in bones, able to withstand acidic condition

Question 3

Chondrichthyes mineralizes cartilage

Answer 3

internal skeleton, mostly mesodermal

Question 4

two types of bones in Verts

Answer 4

endochondral bone, dermal bone

Question 5

enameloid

Answer 5

mesodermal derivative
enamel like tissue in dermal scales

Question 6

enamel

Answer 6

ectodermal derivative
most mineralized tissue in verts

Question 7

dentine

Answer 7

ectodermal derivative in teeth

Question 8

cementum

Answer 8

holds teeth in socket, ectodermal derivative

Question 9

dermal bone

Answer 9

ancestral form of mineralized tissue

Question 10

three components of skull

Answer 10

chondrocranium, splanchnocranium, dermatocranium

Question 11

what is needed for ossification of condo and splanchno

Answer 11

neural crest

Question 12

ostracoderm

Answer 12

dead variety of vertebrates, with large heavy shield around cranium

Question 13

chondrichthyan

Answer 13

no strong dermal bone, mainly cartilage,

Question 14

osteichthyan

Answer 14

bony fish, splanchnocranium and chondrocranium now have bone

Question 15

axial skeleton

Answer 15

segmented vertebrae around notochord

Question 16

what group has lost the notochord

Answer 16

terrestrial tetrapods

Question 17

neural arch

Answer 17

dorsally positioned, protection of spinal cord

Question 18

centrum

Answer 18

central elements formed around notochord

Question 19

ribs

Answer 19

lateral bony elongations into segmental muscle

Question 20

hemal arch

Answer 20

ventral protection, for caudal vessels, toward caudal regions

Question 21

divisions of myomeres in jawed verts

Answer 21

epaxial and hypaxial

Question 22

hagfish

Answer 22

slime glands in body wall

Question 23

what is missing from hagfish

Answer 23

vertebral elements

Question 24

hagfish ancestral forms

Answer 24

rudimentary covered eyes, oral tentacles, aneural hearts in liver and tail, concentrated body fluid