Week 1.1

Question 1

phylogeny

Answer 1

classification of species

Question 2

monophyly

Answer 2

all species coming off one node point

Question 3

polyphyly

Answer 3

species can come from different branch points

Question 4

paraphyly

Answer 4

all species coming off one branch point but not all species are included

Question 5

embryonic development

Answer 5

tool used to seperate groupings of organisms ie amniotes vs non amniotes

Question 6

hagfish

Answer 6

myxinoidea
myxo= slime
live on seabed
70 species

Question 7

lamprey

Answer 7

petromyzotoidea
“rock suckler”
migratory (rivers to oceans)
38 species

Question 8

describe the structure of hagfish and lamprey

Answer 8

limbless, scaleless
agnathans( jawless)

Question 9

what do hagfish and lamprey lack

Answer 9

complete vertebrae

Question 10

who has complete vertebrae

Answer 10

most derived chordates

Question 11

what do hagfish and lamprey share

Answer 11

cranium

Question 12

chondricthyes

Answer 12

chondri- cartilage
ichthyes- fish

Question 13

extant chondrichthyes species

Answer 13

neoselachii
sharks and rays

Question 14

how many species of shark are there

Answer 14

403

Question 15

how many species of ray

Answer 15

534

Question 16

Rays traits

Answer 16

dorsoventrally flattened
bottom dwellers

Question 17

osteichthyes

Answer 17

bony fish

Question 18

why can’t we characterize bony fish

Answer 18

too diverse

Question 19

2 groups of Osteichthyes

Answer 19

ray finned and lobe finned

Question 20

ray finned

Answer 20

actinopterygians

Question 21

lobe finned

Answer 21

sarcopterygians

Question 22

actinopterygians

Answer 22

Birchers, sturgeon, paddlefish

Question 23

sarcoptyergians

Answer 23

most closely related to terrestrial vertebrates, only 8 non-tetrapod species

Question 24

tetrapods

Answer 24

four feet

Question 25

amphibians

Answer 25

combined urodele, Anura, gymnophiona

Question 26

double life of amphibians

Answer 26

aquatic larval form, terrestrial adult

Question 27

amniotes

Answer 27

several fetal membranes

Question 28

advantages to amniotes

Answer 28

extra level of protections
allows parent to walk away
separate nutrition

Question 29

testudia

Answer 29

turtles, tortoises, terrrapins

Question 30

lepidosauria

Answer 30

scaled lizards

Question 31

tuatara

Answer 31

only found in New Zealand

Question 32

archosuaria

Answer 32

alligators and crocs and BIRDS

Question 33

anapsid

Answer 33

solid skull no holes

Question 34

synapsid

Answer 34

one large merged hole in skull to decrease energy cost and add more muscle for bite strength

Question 35

diapsid

Answer 35

lowest energy cost skull with two separate holes

Question 36

mammalia

Answer 36

origin in the paleozoic era

Question 37

3 types of mammalia

Answer 37

prototherians, metatherians, eutherians

Question 38

prototherians

Answer 38

ex monotremes

Question 39

what organisms are monotremes

Answer 39

platypus and echidna

Question 40

what do prototherians do that makes them so primitive

Answer 40

young are hatched from eggs

Question 41

metatherians example

Answer 41

marsupials ( kangaroos, koalas)

Question 42

what makes metatherians slightly improved that prototherians

Answer 42

short gestation period, young development takes place outside in pouch

Question 43

eutherians

Answer 43

eu- truth
what humans do
long gestational period but young is more developed at the end