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Year 2 - Medicine > Week 208 - Hearing and Balance > Flashcards

Week 208 - Hearing and Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Where does Chorda Tympani pass and what does it supply?

A

Passes medial to malleus and lateral to incus

Carries taste fibres from anterior 2/3 of tongue

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2
Q

Name some drugs that cause Ototoxicity

A 
Gentamycin
Cisplatin
Furosemide (IV)
Aspirin
Quinine
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3
Q

What changes do you expect to see in someone with Meniere’s disease?

A

Vertigo (lasting Hours)
Hearing Loss
Tinnitus

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4
Q

What are the possible causes of Central Vertigo?

A

Hours- Migrane
Days to weeks - MS
Long term - Cerebro vascular disease

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5
Q

What does tenderness on palpation of tragus suggest?

A

Infection of EAM or temporomandibular joint

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6
Q

What is Tympanosclerosis?

A

White patches on the tympanic membrane - form of scarring

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7
Q

What is the Dix-Hallpike positional test for?

A

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

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8
Q

How is the nose divided into two?

A

By septal cartilage

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of Hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves disease

TSH receptor binding and stimulating antibodies

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10
Q

What is the treatment for Hyperthyroidism?

A

Carbimazole (12-18 months)

Propylthiouracil (alternative for pregnant/breast-feeding)

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11
Q

What is a Cholesteatoma?

A

A keratinizing squamous epithelium within middle ear cleft
Locally destructive
Foul-smelling otorrhoea (superior+posterior)

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12
Q

What are the possible treatments for Glue Ear?

A

Watch and wait
Grommets
Grommets and adenoidectomy
Hearing aid

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13
Q

What is Presbyacusis?

A

Age associated hearing loss
Congenital
Iatrogenic (aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, chemo)
High freq freq loos + background low freq = hard to hear

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14
Q

What is the treatment for Otitis Media?

A

Wait for 72hrs

If not, systemic Abx (e.g. amoxicillin)

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15
Q

What are complications that can follow Otitis Media?

A

Mastoiditis (commonest)
Labyrinthitis
VII paralysis
Meningitis & Brain Abscess

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16
Q

What artery supplies the Cochlea?

A

Labyrinthine Artery

17
Q

What is the Epley manoeuvre used for?

A

Curing BPPV, 30% will come back

18
Q

What will Vestibular Neuritis present with?

A

SEVERE Vertigo, Nausea, Vomiting (few days)

Affects vestibular nerve only (no cochlear symptoms)

19
Q

What will Labyrinthitis present with?

A

SEVERE Vertigo, Nausea, Vomiting + Cochlear Symptoms
Permanent changes in hearing and tinnitus
Caused by viral infection

20
Q

What is treatment for Meniere’s Disease?

A 
Reduce Salt
Give beta-histine
Cinnarizine ( vestibular sedative)
Grommets, Chemical Labyrithectomy
Avoid caffeine
21
Q

What detects LINEAR movements in the middle ear?

A

Maculae within the utricle and saccule

22
Q

What detects ANGULAR movements in the middle ear?

A

Semicircular canals

23
Q

When the cilia in the vestibular apparatus are disturbed TOWARDS the kinocillium, what happens?

A

Depolarisation -> INCREASE FIRING

24
Q

What are the positive and negative findings for Rinne’s Test?

A

AC>BC - positive result (normal or sensory deafness)

BC>AC - negative result (conductive deafness)

25
Q

What nerves supply the middle ear?

A

Superior Vestibular Nerve
Inferior Vestibular Nerve
Cochlear Nerve

26
Q

What Structures can present with OTALGIA?

A 
Tonsil - Tonsilitis, Tonsil carcinoma
Tongue - Tongue carcinoma
Teeth - Tooth Abscess
TMJ - TMJ dysfunction
Throat - Carcinomas in larynx and pharynx
The Neck - Arthritis
27
Q

What are the possible causes of Facial Palsy?

A

Bell’s Palsy (1/2 of cases; ?HSV1)
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (Herpetic rash on pinna or soft palate + the palsy)
Trauma (surgical parotidectomy)
Tumour (facial and vestibular schwannomas)
Infections (otitis media, cholesteatoma)

28
Q

What facial changes would you expect to see with a LMN lesion in the face?

A

All face weak (inc. forehead)

29
Q

Which muscle is responsible for smiling?

A

Zygomaticus

30
Q

Which muscle is responsible for puffing out cheeks?

A

Buccinator

31
Q

Which muscle is responsible for creasing the forehead?

A

Frontalis

Year 2 - Medicine (25 decks)

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