Week 206 - Myocardial Infarction Flashcards

1
Q

Which leads look at the Inferior Part of the Heart?

A

II, III and aVf

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2
Q

Which leads look at the Anterior Part of the Heart?

A

V2, V3, V4

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3
Q

Which leads look at the Lateral Part of the Heart?

A

I, aVL, V5, V6

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4
Q

Which leads look at the Posterior Part of the Heart?

A

V1, aVR

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5
Q

What artery is involved if an ANTERIOR infarct is seen?

A

LAD (Left anterior descending artery)

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6
Q

What artery is involved if an INFERIOR infarct is seen?

A

RCA (Right Coronary Artery)

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7
Q

What artery is involved if an LATERAL infarct is seen?

A

Circumflex

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8
Q

What artery is involved if an POSTERIOR infarct is seen?

A

Circumflex

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9
Q

What ECG changes would indicate hypokalaemia?

A

U waves (V2, V3) T wave depression

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10
Q

What is a J wave indicative of?

A

Hypothermia

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11
Q

What do you get in Digoxin toxicity?

A

Bradycardia Prolonged PR interval Frequent premature beats Nausea, Vomiting, Abdo pain, headache, delirium

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12
Q

What do chylomicrons do?

A

Carry fats from intestine and release in liver

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13
Q

What LDL is present in HEALTHY individuals?

A

Few LARGE LDL

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14
Q

What LDL is present in Atheromatous disease?

A

Lots SMALL dense LDL

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15
Q

What is the ideal cholesterol level in the blood?

A

<5 mmol/L

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16
Q

What is the action of Aspirin?

A

Anti-platelet action via irreversible acetylation of COX-1

17
Q

What enzyme converts arachadonic acid into eicosanoids? (e.g. prostaglandins, TXA2)

A

COX-1 and -2

18
Q

What is the function of Thromboxane A2?

A

Released by platelets Vasoconstrictor + Platelet agonist

19
Q

What clinical features would you expect to find in a patient with FH?

A

Tendon Xanthomata (virtually diagnostic of FH) - mobile nodules on tendons Corneal arcus

20
Q

What can raised troponin indicate?

A

?MI ?PE ?Septicaemia ?Renal Failure ?Myocarditis ?Trauma

21
Q

What ECG changes would suggest MI?

A

ST elevation New LBBB Pathological Q waves

22
Q

What does Fondaparinux do?

A

Anti-coagulant Inhibits Factor Xa

23
Q

What do Clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor do?

A

Anti-platelet Act on ADP receptor –> prevents activation of platelets Clopidogrel activated by P450 (loss of function allele possible)

24
Q

What is the most common mode of death <12 hrs after MI?

A

Arrhythmic Death

25
What can be used to assess the risk of MI?
GRACE TIMI
26
What action do steroids have?
Inhibit PL-A2 -\> inhibit inflammatory mediators
27
What function do Abciximab, Eptifibatide, Tirofiban have?
Glycoprotein IIB-IIIA Antagonists
28
In large pericardial effusions, what structures can become compressed?
Oesophagus-\> Dysphagia Recurrent Laryngeal-\> Hoarseness Diaphragmatic stimulation (hiccups)
29
What are the signs of Cardiac Tamponade?
Tachycardia Hypotension Rales/Oedema/Ascites Muffled heart sounds Pulsus Paradoxus
30
What does the **a wave** signify?
Atrial Contration if **AF no** a waves
31
What does the **c wave** signify?
Tricuspid closure
32
What happens during the **x descent**?
Atria relax
33
What happens during the **v wave**?
RA filling
34
What happens during the **y descent**?
Tricuspid valve opens
35
What dermatomes innervate the pericardium (sensory)?
C3-C5