Week 20 - Female Reproductive

Question 1

When ligating the uterine arteries during hysterectomy, which important structure passing underneath must be visualised and carefully preserved?

Answer 1

= Ureter

Bridge over water

Question 2

The transformation zone of the cervix represents the junction of what two types of epithelium?

Answer 2

This region of the cervix where the columnar epithelium has been replaced and/or is being replaced by the new non-keratinised squamous epithelium is referred to as the transformation zone.

Question 3

What is the commonly performed obstetric intervention employed to minimise the risk of anal sphincter injury during (particularly operative/instrumental) vaginal delivery?

Answer 3

= Episiotomy

Question 4

The ovarian artery travels within which ligament to supply the ovary?

• a) Broad ligament
• b) Suspensory ligament of the ovary
• c) Ovarian ligament
• d) Cardinal ligament
• e) Round ligament

Answer 4

The ovarian artery travels within which ligament to supply the ovary?

• a) Broad ligament
• b) Suspensory ligament of the ovary
• c) Ovarian ligament
• d) Cardinal ligament
• e) Round ligament

Two peritoneal ligaments attach to the ovary;

• Suspensory ligament of ovary – fold of peritoneum extending from the mesovarium to the pelvic wall. Contains neurovascular structures.
• Ligament of ovary – extends from the ovary to the fundus of the uterus. It then continues from the uterus to the connective tissue of the labium majus, as the round ligament of uterus.

Question 5

Name the muscles of the pelvic floor. Which three of these comprise the levator ani?

Answer 5

Coccygeus muscle + Levator Ani Muscles ( pubococcygeus, puborectalis and iliococcygeus)

Levator Ani Muscles - Innervated by the anterior ramus of S4 and branches of the pudendal nerve (roots S2, S3 and S4).

The levator ani is a broad sheet of muscle. It is composed of three separate paired muscles; pubococcygeus, puborectalis and iliococcygeus.