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Module 5 > Week 2 Vocab > Flashcards

Week 2 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Papilloma

A

benign growths caused by bovine papillomavirus (BPV) that can be given to cows from bull penis

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2
Q

Corkscrew penis

A

a spiral deviation of the penis during extension, which can impair fertility

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3
Q

Vasectomy

A

excision of the vas (ductus) deferens, or a portion of it; bilateral vasectomy results in sterility

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4
Q

Predicted Transmitting Abilities

A

How average daughter will perform relative to ‘average’ cow

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5
Q

Profitable Lifetime Index

A

Estimating financial gains

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6
Q

Estimated breeding values

A

Values are combined in various combinations to give interpretations of an animal’s genetic worth

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7
Q

Beef value

A

Economic value of an animal in terms of financial merit of offspring carcasses

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8
Q

Calving value

A

Economic value in terms of gestation length and difficult calvings

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9
Q

Maternal value

A

Value of genetic ability to produce breeding females

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10
Q

Maintenance value

A

Cost associated with mature size

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11
Q

Maternal production value

A

Value in terms of genetic potential to produce female for breeding and animals with beef carcass characteristics, calculated from the beef, calving, maternal, and maintenance values

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12
Q

Robertsonian translocations

A

type of chromosomal rearrangement where the long arms of two acrocentric chromosomes fuse together, forming a single, larger chromosome, while the short arms are lost, evidence of reduced fertility

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13
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

the dense connective tissue covering of the corpus cavernosum penis.

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14
Q

Central mediastinum

A

Parenchyma of the testis that contain the rete testis and openings of seminiferous tubules, central groove looks scar-like

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15
Q

Epididymis

A

Lies along dorsal margin of testis, allows sperm storage and maturation

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16
Q

Proper ligament of testis

A

Rarely interfere with it, attaches tail of epididymis to testis

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17
Q

Ligament of tail of epididymis

A

Attaches tail to parietal tunic, used in open method

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18
Q

Scrotal ligament

A

Attaches parietal tunic to scrotum, used in closed method

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19
Q

Spermatic cord

A

Run to and from testes, within tunica vaginalis

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20
Q

Deferent duct/vas deferens

A

Carries sperm to the prostatic urethra

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21
Q

Testicular artery

A

Branch from abdominal aorta, supplies oxygenated blood to testes and involved in counter heat exchange system with pampiniform plexus of veins

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22
Q

Pampiniform plexus

A

plexus of veins that tangle around the tortuous testicular artery

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23
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

Thermoregulatory, allows retraction of testis to increase testicular heat

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24
Q

Gubernaculum

A

the embryonic structure that tows
and guides the descending testis to its scrotal site.

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25
Cryptorchidism
Undescended testis, most commonly located in region of inguinal canal
26
Prostate
Produce bulk of semen volume
27
Urethralis
surrounds the pelvic urethra, made up of longitudinal and transverse fibers
28
Ampullary glands
lies dorsal to bladder, produce a small portion of ejaculate
29
Benign prostatic hypoplasia
androgenic hormones in 5-6 yo intact dogs cause prostate enlargement
30
Collum glandis
Neck of mushroom-shaped glans of equine penis
31
Corona glandis
Head of mushroom-shaped glans of equine penis
32
Preputial orifice
Outer entrance to preputial cavity "sleeve" of equine prepuce
33
Preputial ring
entrance to inner sleeve of equine prepuce
34
Retractor penis muscle
Maintain sigmoid flexure when penis is relaxed
35
Urethralis muscle
Single, wraps around urethra,
36
Bulbospongiosus muscle
Single, accompanies urethra over ischial arch, pulsatile contraction during ejaculation and, in some species, during urination
37
Ischiocavernosus muscle
paired, surrounds crura, it compresses the crus of the penis or clitoris so erecting the corpus cavernosum distally
38
Ischiourethralis muscle
Controls fibrous ring surrounding veins draining penis, it probably aids erection by compression of the dorsal veins of the penis
39
Frenulum
holds penis into prepuce, fertility issues if perisists
40
Monoestrous
experiencing estrus once each year or breeding season.
41
Puberty
Process of acquiring reproductive competence
42
SRY
Sex-determining region on Y chromosome
43
Wnt signaling pathway
Network of proteins which control production of Wnt molecules
44
Wnt 4
Gene that codes for signaling protein B-catenin, promotes female gonadal development
45
Pronephros
early kidney pair that forms early on and disintegrates
46
Mesonephros
early kidney pair that the gonads develop from
47
Metanephros
early kidney pair that replaces mesonephros as permanent kidney
48
Mullerian duct
Paramesonephric duct, (Pregnancy so female keeps it)
49
Wolffian duct
mesonephric duct
50
Cyp26b1
Enzyme expressed by testis inhibits vitamin A and therefore stops the germ cells entering meiosis
51
Hypospadias
Congenital condition in males which the opening of the urethra forms abnormally, different severities
52
Gimmer
Heifers of sheep 12-24 mo
53
Red clover
Contains oestrogenic chemicals and high levels of copper, females have vulva issues and males have delayed puberty
54
Forage brassicas
Contain goitrogens and S-methyl cysteine sulphoxide that prevent iodine uptake and cause haemolytic anaemia
55
Hogg
young sheep 6-12 mo
56
Shearling
male sheep 12-24 mo
57
Draft ewe
Produced on the hill and is sold fit for breeding to farms on lower ground with easier feeding
58
Broken mouthed
Incisor teeth not at all present: lost or born worn away
59
Biocontainment
Use of various methods, including work practices, safety equipment, and engineering systems, to prevent the accidental release of infectious agents and toxins into the environment, protecting both laboratory workers and the community.
60
Peritubular myloid cells
One of 3 testicular somatic cells, androgen-dependent, essential for normal spermatogenesis
61
Leydig cells
one of 3 testicular somatic cells, secrete testosterone/make androgens under control of LH release from anterior pituitary, fetal and adult populations
62
Sertoli cells
one of 3 testicular somatic cells, Controlled by FSH release from anterior pituitary and androgen release from leydig cells, forms blood-testis barrier
63
Spermatogenesis: Proliferation
1 cell produces 64
64
Spermatogenesis: Meiosis
64 cells generate 256
65
Spermatogenesis: Spermiogenesis
Differentiation process

Module 5 (3 decks)

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