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PYB202 > WEEK 2 - The self > Flashcards

WEEK 2 - The self Flashcards

1
Q

What is self-perception

A

One way we come to know ourselves is by observing our behaviour and making attributions
* What does my behaviour say about me?

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2
Q

self perception theory

A
  • people infer their emotions/ attitudes by observing their bodies and their behaviour
    When internal cues are weak, we look at our behaviourand consider the situation
  • If the situation can’t explain our behaviour, we infer acorresponding internal state
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3
Q

what are the two types of Self-perception motivation

A

Intrinsic
Extrinsic

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4
Q

What is intrinsic

A

internal motivation
* doing something out of interest,
enjoyment, challenge

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5
Q

What is extrinsic

A

external motivation
* doing something for money,
marks, recognition, obligation,
punishment

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6
Q

What is the overjustification effect

A
  • When rewards are introduced for
    intrinsically motivated behaviours,
    the behaviour becomes over‐justified
  • We see the rewards and this can
    explain our behaviour
  • We no longer conclude we’re doing it
    because we like it
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7
Q

Types of reward

A

verbal praise vs tangible

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8
Q

Social comparison theory (Festinger, 1954)

A
  • when uncertain about our abilities or opinions, we
    evaluate self through comparisons with similar
    others
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9
Q

Upwards comparision

A

Compare self to someone who is better on some
dimension

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10
Q

Downward comparision

A

Compare self to someone who is worse on some
dimension

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11
Q

How does culture effect the self

A

Your culture affects the way you view things. Can either be independent or interdependent viewpoint

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12
Q

What is independent view of the self

A
  • Define oneself using own thoughts, feelings
    and behaviours
  • Value independence
  • Typical in Western culture
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13
Q

What is Interdependent view of the sel

A

Define oneself using one’s relationships to
others and that our behaviour is
determined by thoughts, feelings and
behaviours of others
* Value connectedness and interdependence
* Typical in non‐Western cultures

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14
Q

What is Dialecticism

A

-Interdependent cultures more accepting of contradictory characteristics
- a process that makes use of contradictory statements or ideas to reach an ultimate truth.

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15
Q

What form of culture tends to rate higher in self esteem?

A

Self‐esteem ratings higher in independent cultures
Culture and the self

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16
Q

What is self esteem

A
  • evaluation of the self
  • Individual differences in level and stability
  • People are motivated to protect their self
    esteem
17
Q

What is Sociometer Theory (Leary & Baumeister, 2000

A

answers why we need social inclusion
* Sociometer theory proposes that self-esteem is a psychological gauge of the degree to which people perceive that they are relationally valued and socially accepted by other people.
* Driven by a need for connection and
approval
* Self‐esteem signals level of social
inclusion

18
Q

What is Terror Management Theory (Greenberg et
al., 1997)

A
  • The terror management theory (TMT) states that people feel threatened by their own death and therefore adopt worldviews that allow them to find meaning and worth in their lives.
  • Self‐esteem acts as a buffer against
    thought of death

scared of death so we do things or belive things to leave a legacy

19
Q

What is Self-awareness theory (Carver, 2003)

A

*self‐focused attention leads us to compare ourselves to internal standards and
values
* not meeting internal standards leads to discomfort

20
Q

What things can prompt self awarness

A

People watching us, watching a home video, looking in a mirror

21
Q

What is self enhancment

A

people are motivated to feel good about themselves and this can affect their thoughts
and behaviours

22
Q

what is Better-Than-Average Effect

A

Most people think highly of themselves
* Biased towards self‐enhancement
* Thinking we are better than we are
* e.g., public speaking and contributions to group work
* This is more likely to occur for important traits
* e.g., honest, kind vs imaginative, outgoing
Self-Enhancement

23
Q

What are Self-Serving Beliefs

A

Self‐enhancing recollection, attributions, optimism about ones future

you remember things better and different to how they actually occurred

24
Q

What seld-verficiation

A

We want others to see us the way we see ourselves

25
Q

What are the self esteem concepts

A
  • Sociometer and terror management
    theory
  • Self‐awareness theory
  • Self‐enhancement
  • Better than average effect
  • Self‐serving beliefs
  • Self‐verification
26
Q

What is included in self concepts

A
  • Self‐perception theory - Over‐justification effect
  • Social comparison theory
  • Culture - Independent vs. Interdependen

PYB202 (12 decks)

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