week 2 - the cell

Question 1

cell definition

Answer 1

structural and functional unit of living things

Question 2

functional characteristics

Answer 2

1. Cell metabolism: energy produced by chemical reactions
2. Synthesis of molecules: lipids, DNA, RNA. protein turns into receptor hormone or cell membrane
3. Communication: sending or receiving chemical or electrical signals (cell division, growth or carrying specific functions)
4. Reproduction and Inheritance: most cells contain genetic information (directing how cell functions and

Question 3

plasma membrane function

Answer 3

encloses and supports cellular content
controls what goes in and comes out
regulates intra vs extracellular material
roles in intercellular communication
- production of a charge difference across the membrane

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

storing genetic material like DNA
- controlling the functions and appearance of other organelles

Question 5

ribosome

Answer 5

site for protein synthesis

Question 6

lysosome

Answer 6

membrane-bounded vesicle formed at the Golgi apparatus
containing digestive enzymes to break down unwanted material from the cell

Question 7

cytoplasm

Answer 7

supporting cells suspended in the cellular fluid

Question 8

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

has ribosomes on them
- synthesis and modification of protein

Question 9

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

synthesis of lipids, steroids, and carbohydrates
breakdown of glycogen into glucose
detoxification of harmful substances

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

flattened membraneous sacs with vesicles
modify, package and distribute proteins and lipids
made from rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

mitochondria

Answer 11

powerhouse of the cell, producing energy in the for of ATP
can regenerate itself as it has its own genetic material

Question 12

vesicles

Answer 12

transporting material from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell and vice versa

Question 13

simple squamous epithelium

Answer 13

single layer, sparse cytoplasm
diffusion, filtration, and some secretion

Found in:
- alveoli in lungs, kidney, serous membrane

Question 14

simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 14

single-layer, cubed-shaped cells

secretion, movement, absorption

Found in:
kidney tubules, terminal bronchioles

Question 15

simple columnar epithelium

Answer 15

a single layer of column-snaped cells

secretion, movement, absorption

Found in:
intestines, stomach, fallopian tubes, lungs

Question 16

transitional epithelium

Answer 16

stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal
accommodate changes in the fluid volume of organs

Found in:
Ueter, urinary bladder, upper part of urethra

Question 17

stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 17

basal cells that are cuboidal or columnar shaped becoming flatter and moving towards the surface
protecting against abrasion and loss of water

Kerintainsied:
The soles of feet, the palms of hands

Non Kerintainised:
mouth, oesophagus, vagina, anus

Question 18

stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer 18

several layers of cubed-shaped cells
absorption, secretion and protection

Found in:
ducts of sweat glands, salivary glands, developing ovum

Question 19

stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 19

several layers of column-shaped cells
secretion and protection

Found in:
ducts of mammary glands, glands, larynx, part of the male urethra

Question 20

pseudostratified columnar

Answer 20

a single layer of column-shaped cells all at different heights

secretion and movement

Found in:
pharynx, trachea, males sperm carrying duct