Week 2 test review

Question 1

Define R2D2

Answer 1

Uses/is:

machine generated, formatted data communications found in foreign military C4ISR, civil, industrial / commercial, and personal applications;

conveying information derived from sensor and control systems

Question 2

List the functions where R2D2 is present

Answer 2

Air Surveillance (ASV)
Air Traffic Control (ATC)
SAMs & C2
Integrated Air Defense Systems (IADS)
Air and Ground Control Intercept (ACI / GCI)
Navigation

Question 3

Define NCCT; list some NCCT-capable aircraft

Answer 3

Net-centric Cooperative Targeting (NCCT)

Primary geospatial fusion interface of USAF assets; includes the AOC

RC-135V/W RIVET JOINT (RJ)
EA-37 COMPASS CALL
RC-135U COMBAT SENT

Question 4

What are the limitations or weaknesses of DF techniques

Answer 4

Requires long periods of time to build accurate ellipses

Low-accuracy compared to other systems

DF ELPs easily disrupted by short up-time emitters (i.e. using EMCON)

Moving targets give data which can be misinterpreted

Question 5

Define MASINT

Answer 5

Measurement and signature intelligence

IN discipline built on capturing and measuring the intrinsic characteristics and components of an object or activity

Question 6

List the MASINT mission areas

Answer 6

Advanced Missile Technical Collection (AMTC)
Space Technical Collection (STC)
Advanced Non-conventional Weapons (ANCW)
MASINT Support to ID Intelligence
Chemical and Biological Technical Collection (CBTC)
Nuclear and Radiological Technical Collection (NRTC)
Signature Support to IN Mission Data (SS-IMD)

Question 7

List the MASINT technical data sources/subcategories

Answer 7

Electro-optical
Geophysical
Nuclear
Human Signatures
Materials
Radar
Radio Frequencies

Question 8

List and describe the target development categories of DSIGs

Answer 8

Functional: Explains the purpose and role of a system (what MSN does the tgt sys fulfill for the adversary?); It is gathered through a variety of IN disciplines

Physical: The Observable components/sub-components of the target that can be exploited; collected through GEIOINT (IMINT - EO/IR, SAR, ISAR)

Temporal: Provides insight on vulnerability periods (where is the target in time / which components are moving and what is their speed?); collected through MTI; Radar/surface search can also be used

Cognitive / Control / Info: The EM signatures related to target component functions within its CONOPS; Collected through SIGINT (COMINT - radios, data links, PROFORMA, communications; ELINT - radars, parametric data, associated systems)

Environmental: The observable pieces of the Operational Environment and the impact it has on the tgt (ACINT, OPIR, HUMINT)

Question 9

What are the basic elements of a MAGTF?

Answer 9

Command Element (CE)
Aviation Combat Element (ACE)
Ground Combat Element (GCE)
Logistics Combat Element (LCE)

Question 10

What are the units in a MAGTF; how long are they organically sustained

Answer 10

Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) 60 days

Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) 30 days

Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) 15 days

Question 11

Break down the Composite Warfare Commander construct; which can be combined to create another?

Answer 11

A- Officer in Tactical Command (OTC)
B- Composite Warfare Commander (CWC)
P- Strike Warfare Commander (STWC)
Q- Info Ops Warfare Commander (IWC)
S- Surface Warfare Commander (SWC)
W- Air and Msl Defense Commander (AMDC)
X- Anti-sub Warfare Commander (ASWC)
Z- Sea Combat Commander (SCC)

When combined, S and X, become Z

Question 12

What are the principles of the CWC construct; why was it created and what does it enable?

Answer 12

CWC operates under the principle of decentralized control and execution; command by negation (“command by veto” within NATO). Both of which increase the speed of the decision cycle

CWC construct was created to give the OTC the responsibility and authority to establish command structure guidance and the task organization (if not already established by HHQ)

CWC construct enables CC to maintain overall view of operations and be able to carry out multiple defensive and offensive operations against multiple threats by assigning warfare commanders and resource coordinators.

Question 13

Define Circular Error Proabable (CEP)

Answer 13

Weapons CEP is the radius of a circle centered on a desired mean point of impact (DMPI) such that 50% of the impact points are lie within it.

Can be measured in 50% and 90%

Question 14

Define Track Quality (TQ)

Answer 14

TQ is 95% confidence that the system believes the track is inside the associated Area of Uncertainty (AOU)

Question 15

Define Combat Identification (CID); how to achieve it

Answer 15

CID is the characterization of a detected object sufficient to support an engagement

4 methods are used:
- Procedural
- Cooperative
- Non-cooperative
- Intelligence Fusion

Question 16

Define Association, Correlation, and Fusion (ACF) for MISR WTI

Answer 16

Broadly falls under the definition of Tactical Fusion:
- The combination of data from different sources to produce a single weapons quality track with the best location accuracy and identification fidelity - equally reflected in tactical reporting IOT to enable Kill Chain employment.
- Combines different INTs from different sensors (i.e. ELINT to COMINT)

Correlation:
- The combination of data from same sources in order to create a single source of info for ID and loc purposes
- Combine same sensor data (i.e. ELINT to ELINT, COMINT to COMINT, etc)

Association:
- The process of realizing and connecting information or data observed in the environment, to a system or source
- Two or more TACREPs referencing different components of the same or interdependent system that are not necessarily co-located
- Observed equipment or signals that serve to support other systems but are not directly linked to the system (i.e. interchangeable C4I components of IADS)

Question 17

Who can issue FUSION TACREPs?

Answer 17

Using the criteria given, any ISR asset can generate an F-TACREP. But, only the MISR hold the authority to break it apart; back into its component TACREPs.

Question 18

How are Association, Correlation, and Fusion denoted in a TACREP?

Answer 18

Added into the ‘Amplification’ section of a TACREP:
- To show association, use: “ASSC: x123, x456”
- To show inclusion of same sensor data, use: “CORR: x123, x456”
- To show fusion of different INTs, use: “FUSE: x123, x456”

Question 19

What are the Fusion Criteria Tests

Answer 19

Type Test: Can the observed signature logically be associated with the target or track?

Proximity Test: Are the tracks close enough to allow for logical correlation

Time Test: How long is the Time of Intercept (TOI) between the data sets received - seeks to eliminate time-late data

-SIGINT (ELINT & COMINT): Type and Proximity
-SIGINT (Radar) & GEOINT (MTI): Type and Proximity
-SIGINT (Radar) & GEOINT (EO/IR SAR/ISAR): Type, Proximity, and Time

Question 20

From where is OSINT derived?

Answer 20

Publicly Available Information (PAI), is raw data. When analyzed it becomes OSINT.

Question 21

What are the key factors to consider when conducting OSINT?

Answer 21

• Ensure proper msn auth, training, and tools
• Remember PAI is collected passively and as anonymously as possible
• Use Managed Attribution to mitigate risk of exposure with collecting

Question 22

Explain purpose and intent of reporting criteria

Answer 22

• To enable relevant, timely, and actionable reporting
• To set the rules of chat and voice nets:
  – What info goes where and when
  – Ensuring a cleaner COP due to pairing the sensor plan to the reporting criteria: sensor plan directs in what to look for, and the reporting criteria tells them what to do with that information

Question 23

Explain the purpose of the MISR COORD CARD

Answer 23

• Contains all the information required for mission execution because it is condensed from mission planning documents (ATO, CONOPS, SPINS, OPTASKs)
• Assists with distributed asset operations (allows assets not part of mission planning, to coordinate and execute on task and on time)

Question 24

What period of time is depicted on the MISR Sync Matrix?

Answer 24

Only On-station time is depicted.

Additional time considerations:
- Times in Local and Zulu
- Sunrise / sunset / thermal crossover
- Non-kinetic effects passes
- Displays all assets / sensors

Question 25

Name the primary targets for the Standard Missile family

Answer 25

SM-2: (and PATRIOTS) are the first choice vs aircraft and drones

SM-3: (and THAAD) are designed to intercept ballistic missiles

SM-6: Multi-mission missile capable of anti-air warfare, terminal ballistic missile defense, and anti-ship strike

Question 26

Name the basic functions of IADS

Answer 26

Air Surveillance (ASV)
Battle Management (BM)
Weapons Control (WC)

IADS is the structure, equipment, personnel, procedures, and weapons used to counter the enemy’s airborne penetration of one’s own claimed territory.