Week 2 Sleep

Question 1

Purpose of sleep

Answer 1

Neurons used in the day shut down and repair themselves; cells reduce in size and allow for cleaning

Question 2

Glymphatic systems

Answer 2

the brain’s unique waste disposal system; cerebral spinal fluid is pumped through the tissue and flushed into the circulatory system (then goes to the blood circulation system and to the liver).

Question 3

Microsleeps

Answer 3

(Generally occurs when there is a cumulative sleep debt, during pre-dawn and/or mid-afternoon) some part of the brain effectively falls asleep while the rest is awake

Question 4

Sleep Deprivation

Answer 4

Hippocampus loss, gray matter loss, and decreased activity in the frontal and temporal lobe; attention, vigilance, higher order decision making and mood difficulties

Question 5

Sleep Cycles

Answer 5

Usually lasts 90 minutes, 4 distinct stages (wakefulness-REM)

Question 6

Stage I

Answer 6

Less alpha waves and predominantly theta waves (like relaxation or meditation), serotonin and norepinephrine are released
calm and focused

Question 7

Stage II

Answer 7

Light sleep; delta and theta waves- mostly theta, 50% of sleep

Question 8

REM sleep

Answer 8

“sawtooth waves”, similar to being awake; serotonin and norepinephrine switch off, acetylcholine is released (twice as much as when awake) and dopamine- helps with learning and memory; entire nervous system increases activity, blood flow to brain increases

Question 9

circadian rhythm

Answer 9

Body temp is a common marker, controlled by SCN located in hypothalamus

Question 10

Caffeine

Answer 10

Binds up adenosine triphosphate (ATP), caffeine interferes with sleep for up to 10 hours,

Question 11

Insomnia

Answer 11

difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep; treated with: ambien (activates GABA), benzodiazepine (GABA, risk of tolerance),