Week 2: Skull, Head And Neck Flashcards
What are the three major regions?
Skull, vertebrate column (back area), thoracic cage (upper paper of body)
What is a suture?
A hole or dip between two pieces of bone (line where two bones join so little groove)
What is a foramina?
A hole but bigger than suture
Sinus meaning
Enclosed space in skull
What is a process
‘Sticky out’ bit
What is a canal?
Have veins and arteries running through them
What is a fissure?
Very narrow canal (holding vessels/arteries)
What does ‘infra’ mean?
Below or inferior
What does supra mean?
Above/superior
What are the two sets of bones in skull?
- Cranial bones; enclose the cranial cavity, protect brain/organs in head
- cranial vault: big bit on outside, bang things off when hit head
- cranial base: anterior/middle/posterior cranial fossae, 3 spaces inside cranium allow organs to sit inside
- provide site of attachment for head/neck muscles - Facial Bones: framework of face, cavities for sense organs, site of attachment teeth and muscles
Bones of cranium;
- Coronal suture= from one side of the head over the top towards the other side of the head just behind the eye
- Squamous suture= on temporal bone, suture that goes between the lambdoid and the coronal
- Lambdoid suture= goes towards the back of the head which comes up towards squamous
What is name of opening of head (hole) which you can see pulsing in babies as suture is not fully formed yet (not fully closed over)
A Fontanelle
What are the cranial bones? (8)
- Frontal bone (front of head)
- 2 Parietal bones (top & side of head)
- Occipital bone (back of head)
- 2 Temporal bones (side of head beside ears)
- Sphenoid bone (near back of eyes)
- Ethmoid bone (in middle where nose comes out of and get smell)
What and where is frontal bone?
- huge, thick bone to stop brain getting damaged
- anterior portion of cranium
- most of anterior cranial fossa
- contains air-filled frontal sinus to make head lighter (less heavy)
- superior wall and root of orbit
What and where is parietal bone?
- concerned with sides of head, kind of like middle piece of jigsaw.
- Four sutures; 1. Coronal suture (between partietal bones and frontal bone), 2. Sagittal suture (between left and right parietal bones), 3. Lambdoid suture (between parietal and occipital bone), 4.Squamous sutures (between parietal and temporal bones on each side of skull)
What and where is occipital bone?
- mostly at the back of the skull and posterior cranial fossa
- Part of the brain that controls vision is called occipital cortex located in here so any damage to back of head can damage eyesight
- articulates with 1st vertebra(of neck in spine)
- site of attachment for neck and back muscles so get tightness/pain here when migraine
What and where is the temporal bone?
- At the side of the head
- inferior-lateral aspects of skull and part of cranial floor
- four main regions;
1. Squamous
2. Tympanic (around ear)
3. Mastoid (around jaw)
4. Petrous (inside head)
What and where is sphenoid bone?
- articulates with all other cranial bones
- between the frontal and temporal bones/occipital bone
- bat-shaped complex bone
- 3 pairs of processes; 1. Greater wings, 2. Lesser wings, 3. Pterygoid processes
What and where is the ethmoid bone?
- deepest skull bone
- Superior part of nasal septum, roof of nasal cavities
- contributes to medial wall of orbits (where eyes sit)
- can’t see it until break into skull
What and where are sutural bones?
- Tiny irregular-shaped bones that appear within sutures
- Little fragments
What is he hole where spine goes called
The foremen magnum
Where does the optic canal sit where optic nerve goes through?
Body of sphenoid bone
Where is superior orbital fissure and what travels through there?
- located in body of sphenoid bone
- a lot of nerves and blood supply come from here
- fractures and tumours here will press on those nerves and arteries
Fractures where can affect eye muscles?
Medial wall
