Week 2: Orbit And Face

Question 1

What are the facial bones? (12)

Answer 1

• Mandible
• Maxillary bones x 2
• Zygomatic bones x 2
• Nasal bones x 2
• Lacrimal bones x 2
• Vomer
• Inferior nasal conchae x2

Question 2

What and where is Mandible?

Answer 2

• lower jaw bone, only moving bone within the skull
• largest, strongest bone of the face
• Temporomandibular joint: only freely movable joint in skull
• Houses for teeth
• important to eat

Question 3

What and where is Maxillary bones?

Answer 3

• medially fused to form upper jaw and central portion of facial skeleton (top of jaw and central part of face)
• Keystone bones
• Articulate (join) with all other facial bones except mandible

Question 4

What and where are zygomatic bones?

Answer 4

• cheekbones (if fracture affect inferolateral nerve)
• Inferolateral margins of orbits (lower outside parts of eye sockets)
• forms outside wall of orbits (eye sockets)

Question 5

Where are nasal and lacrimal bones?

Answer 5

• Nasal bones form bridge of nose and inside of eye socket
• Lacrimal bones in medial walls of orbits
• Lacrimal fossa houses lacrimal sacs

Question 6

Where is the palatine bones and vomer?

Answer 6

-Palatine bones: posterior 1/3 of hard plate, posterior walls of nasal cavity, small part of orbit)
-Vomer: plot shaped, lower part of nasal septum
(Any infections that come from back or top of throat or teeth area can eventually make their way up to eye and bone structures)

Question 7

Where is the inferior nasal conchae?

Answer 7

• Forms part of lateral walls of nasal cavity
• beneath nasal bone
• infections here can cause headaches which present as ocular problems

Question 8

Where are the Orbits?

Answer 8

• Encase eyes and lacrimal glands
• Site of attachments for eye muscles (framework for eye muscles which are stuck to bones so they can move eyes)
• Formed by parts of seven bones (sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, palatine, ethmoid, nasal)
• Eye is only 1/3 of orbit, rest is nerves etc
• Roof of orbit on frontal bone of skull

Question 9

Where is nasal cavity?

Answer 9

-Roof, lateral walls and floor formed by parts of 4 bones (ethmoid, palatine bones, maxillary bones, inferior nasal conchae)

Question 10

What and where are paranasal sinuses?

Answer 10

-Mucosa-lined air filled spaces to lighten skull
-enhances resonance of voice
-Found in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones
-Sinuses are sources of infection and tumours
(Ethmoidal sinuses e.g. tumour which pushes into orbit and causes PT to have squint)
-frontal sinuses can give headache (similar to not wearing right glasses)

Question 11

Where is hyoid bone?

Answer 11

In neck, site of attachment for muscles of swallowing and speech