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PA1: Physiology > Week 2 Respiratory Physiology ✅ > Flashcards

Week 2 Respiratory Physiology ✅ Flashcards

1
Q

What is the benefit of breathing through nose?

A

Warms the air, cilia filters the air, moisturised

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2
Q

What are the 2 functional zones of the lungs?

A

Conduction zone
Respiratory zone

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3
Q

What is the conduction zone?

A

Bulk of air by convection

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4
Q

What is the respiratory zone?

A

Gas exchange

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5
Q

What is anatomical dead space and how much is there?

A

Part of airway not involved in gas exchange

~150mL

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6
Q

What are type I alveolar cells?

A

Gas exchange

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7
Q

What are type II alveolar cells?

A

Produces surfactant to stop alveoli collapsing

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8
Q

Which bronchus is larger and at a less acute angle, and what is the clinical significance of this?

A

Right bronchus
More likely to get something stuck!

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9
Q

What is the purpose of c-shaped cartilage?

A

Keeps trachea patent and doesn’t interfere with oesophagus behind it!

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10
Q

What shape are type I pneumocytes?

A

Flat and thin

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11
Q

What shape are type II pneumocytes?

A

Cubic

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12
Q

What is surface tension?

A

Attraction between molecules to pull together

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13
Q

What is the purpose of surfactant?

A

Reduces surface tension to allow alveoli to expand

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14
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A

Volume increases, pressure decreases
Volume decreases, pressure increases

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15
Q

What is the pressure of intrapleural pressure?

A

Negative due to elastic recoil of the chest wall and lungs - keeps lungs inflated

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16
Q

What is Fick’s law?

A

Rate of diffusion = (Surface area x concentration difference) / thickness of membrane

17
Q

What are the 3 factors that affect diffusion?

A

Surface area
concentration difference
membrane thickness

18
Q

What happens to diffusion in pneumonia or CF?

A

Diffusion distance is increased

19
Q

What is lung compliance?

A

Ease of lungs and chest to expand

20
Q

Which lung condition causes elasticity issues?

A

Emphysema

21
Q

What is paranchyma?

A

Lung tissue

22
Q

Why is deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle under a lower BP?

A

Closer to the lungs
More time for diffusion
Prevent organ damageW

23
Q

What is V:Q?

A

Ventilation:perfusion

24
Q

What is a normal V:Q?

A

0.8

25
Q

What causes a decrease in V:Q?

A

Chronic bronchitis (bronchospasm, inflammation, obstruction)
Asthma (bronchoconstriction, mucus)
Pulmonary oedema
Pulmonary fibrosis (reduced compliance)

26
Q

What causes an increase in V:Q?

A

Pulmonary embolism

27
Q
A

PA1: Physiology (7 decks)

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