Week 2 Renal Pharma Flashcards
What is a normal GFR?
100 mL/min
Once again give an overview of what goes in and out of urine over the:
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
In the loop of henle which ions are actively resorbed and which are passively resorbed?
Where int he kidney do PTH, aldosterone and vasopressin act?
Match these various site to the drugs that act on them
What drugs alter renal perfursion?
Any that block RA(A)S (aldosterone isn’t to do with renal perfusion)
NSAIDs. They block vasodilating protaglandins PGE2 and PGI2
Drugs that are directly toxic to the kidney
Chemotherepy
Radiocontrast agents
Some antibiotics
NSAIDs
PPIs
Lithium
Heavy metals
What are some side effects of loop diuretics?
(might not be expected to know all of these for y2)
Ototoxicity is a build up of uric acid, loop diuretics encourage uric acid reabsorption so can lead to gout. Not clear why
Adverse effect of thiazide like diuretics?
(might not be expected to know all of these for y2)
What’s better at excreting sodium, loop diuretic or thiazide diuretics?
What are adverse effects from potassium sparing diuretics? (might not be expected to know all of these for y2)
Give some examples of potassium sparing diuretics?
Spironolactone
Amiloride
Give some examples of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics?
Thiazide:
Bendroflumethiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide-like:
Chlortalidone
Indapamide
Give osme examples of loop diuretics?
Furosemide
Bumetanide
How does mannitol work?
It is freely filtered by not absorbed so creates an osmotic effect drawing walter and sodium intot he tubles
Mannitol indications
Raised ICP due to cerebral oedema
Raised intra-ocula pressure
Examples of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Acetazolamide
Brinzolamide
How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors indications
Glaucoma
Altitude sickness
Adverse effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Metabolic acidosis
Fill this bad boy in
Why might you give sodium bicarbonate in renal failure?
To correct for acidosis caused by renal failure
With regards to kidneys what should you think about when giving radiocontrast or NSAIDs
If they are elderly check for kidney function before giving these drugs
What is the effect of renal impairment on drugs which are excreted by the kidney?
Renal impairment will increase the half life of such drugs
