Semester 2 Pharma Flashcards
Desmospressin
Artificial vasopressin
Tolvaptan/ Conivaptan
Demeclocyline
Vasopressin receptor antagonists
Hint - Vaptan - Vape - Vape button - Pressin
Spironolactone
Amiloride
Potassium sparing diuretic
First acts to oppose the action of aldosterone on the kidney
Second blocks the sodium channel
Indications:
Chronic heart failure
Liver failure with ascites
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Resistant hypertension
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Loop diuretics
Indications:
Heart failure (acute & chronic)
Renal failure (inc nephrotic syndrome)
Liver cirrhosis with ascites
Bendroflumethiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlortalidone
Indapamide
Thiazide diuretics
Latter two are thiazide-like diuretics
Indications:
Hypertension
Mannitol
Osmotic diuretic
Indications:
Raised ICP due to cerebral oedema
Raised intra-ocula pressure
Acetazolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Indications:
Glaucoma
Altitude sickness
Canagliflozin
Dapagliflozin
SGLT-2 Inhibitors
Hint - sugar flows out, life flows in (liflozin)
Indications:
Diabetes
Heart failure
Renal impairment
Febuxostat
Probenecid
Uricosuric drugs
Calcitriol
Alfacalcidol
Active Vit D
Epoietin beta
Darbopoietin
Epoietins
Sulfinpyrazone
Uricosuric drug
Inhibits uric acid rearbsorption in the proximal tubule. Indicated in gout prevention.
Alendronate
Risedronate
Ibandronate
Zoledronic acid
Bisphosphonates
Indications:
Osteoporosis
Hypercalcaemia after rehydration
Acetylcysteine
Also known as NAC.
Paracetamol overdose
Ribavirin
Antiviral used to treat Hep C
Drug class is protease inhibitors
Interferon alpha
Body’s antiviral cytokine but can be given artificially as an antiviral
Boceprevir, Telaprevir, Sofosbuvir
Antivirals (vir at the end of the name)
Fenofibrate
A type of cholesterol/ triglyceride control medication, less commonly used than statins.
Used in T2DM diabetic retinopathy to prevent and slow development of retinopathy.
Also used for high levels of certain types of triglycerides or for those who can’t tolerate statins.
Anti-VEGF injections
Stands for anti vascular endothelial growth factor.
Used for macular oedema in diabetic retinopathy.
Semaglutide, dulaglutide,
tirzepatide
Incretin mimetics
Physiological mode of action to enhance incretin secretion
by mimicking gut peptides (GLP-1 or GIP)
Increase insulin release, surpress glucagon release, slow gastric emptying.
Indicated in type 2 diabetes
Metronidazole
Antibiotic & Antiprotozoal
For GI used in H. Pylori treatment and Giardia
Rifaxamin
Broad spectrum antibiotic
Used to treat traveller’s diahorrea and SIBO
Domperidone
Domperidone is an anti-sickness medicine
Can be used as a prokinetic in PDS
erythromycin
Widely used antibiotic
In this semester it came up as a prokinetic option for PDS. At sub-antibiotic doses, erythromycin can enhance gastric motility without exerting significant antimicrobial effects.
