Week 2: Regulation

Question 1

Crotty et al.

Answer 1

(2014) - Russia post-soviet regulation

4 points:

1. 2006 NGO law: outlawing foreign funding (only state)
2. Registration = + strict and controlled
3. Fewer NGOs operating
4. NGOs need to align with state’s wishes and reorient themselves (= agents of social policy)

Question 2

Bloodgood et al.

Answer 2

(2014) - OECD NGO regulation Index

1. Corporatist countries (Japan) = + strict
   - higher barriers to entry
   - NGOs activities = restricted
   - tax-status = difficult to obtain
2. Pluralist countries (USA) = + permissive
   - lower barriers to entry
   - freer (any funding, activity etc)
3. National regulatory structures can restrict political space for NGOs

Question 3

Hildebrandt

Answer 3

(2011) - China

4 points:

1. ++ unregistered NGOs but still control (pleasure of state)
2. NGOs registration = linked to gov interests
3. Central gov keeps NGO growth controlled but local governments increases numbers
4. Economics of registration create incentive for local govs to keep NGOs unregistered

Question 4

Alvaré

Answer 4

(2010) - Trinidad

4 points:

1. NGO registration process creates habitus
2. Habitus can make NGO reproduce what they are against
3. Fear of state = enough for NGOs to abide
4. Advantage for state: the + NGOs focus on state compliance, the - they maintain a revolutionary agenda

Question 5

Lecture

Answer 5

1. Krahmann (2003): Governance
2. Foucault (2982): Governmentality
3. Rationales for state regulation of NGOs: economic, political and legal (= for legibility)
4. Corporatist state = + restrictive
5. Pluralist = + permissive
6. • and - of regulation (for state and for NGOs)
7. Evolutionary biology