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SOM 207 > WEEK 2:PSYCHOLOCAL REACTIONS TO CHRONIC ILLNESS > Flashcards

WEEK 2:PSYCHOLOCAL REACTIONS TO CHRONIC ILLNESS Flashcards

1
Q

What is a chronic illness?

A

It is a long lasting and cannot be cured

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2
Q

Outline characteristics of a chronic illness

A

*long term and has no cure
*Masked chronic pain
*Chronic , worsening fatigue
*requires multiple specialists
*Unchanging symptoms
*high risk of depression
*May progress to functional impairment or disability
*Dizziness, Insomnia, headache

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3
Q

Outline examples of chronic illnesses

A

*HIV and AIDS
*Cancer
*Hypertension
*Diabetes mellitus
*multiple sclerosis
*Arthritic
*COPD
*Asthma
*Osteoporosis
*Depression
*Chronic kidney failure
*Heart disease
*Stroke
*Cystic fibrosis
*Crown’s disease

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4
Q

Why is chronic illness a crisis?

A

It disrupts and change patterns of personal and social functioning and produces a state of social, physical and psychological disequilibrium.

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5
Q

Outline ways in which a chronic illness bacts as a crisis

A
  1. Disruption and change on identity, location, role, social support and future goals
  2. There is increased demands due to the ongoing response to illness
  3. No cure, requires ongoing treatment
  4. uncertain outcomes
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6
Q

Outline initial ways to react to a chronic illness

A
  1. shock
  2. denial
  3. loss and grief
  4. anxiety and depression
  5. Fear
  6. Guilt
    8.Anger
    9.Avoidance
    9.Avoidance
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7
Q

What is the crisis theory?

A

It is a model describing the factors that influence people’s adjustment to having serious illness

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8
Q

State the 3 steps of coping process

A
  1. cognitive appraisal

2.adaptive tasks: formulation of tasks to help cope with illness, illness related and general psychological functioning

3.coping skills: denial, information seeking, goal setting, recruiting support

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9
Q

Outline the 3 components that make up the biopsychosocial model of health

A
  1. biological
  2. psychological
    3.sociological
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10
Q

Why consider biopsychosocial model?

A
  1. It explains influences of health
  2. Aligns with WHO definition of health
  3. Social, environmental and psychological factors
  4. Provides a comprehensive framework to understanding health
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11
Q

Outline the social and environmental factors affecting health

A
  1. Privacy
    2.social support
    3.depedence
    4.multiple carers
  2. Alcohol and drug abuse
  3. employment issues
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12
Q

Outline the psychological factors affecting health

A
  1. prior experience , personality trait and childhood issues
    2.Patient relationship with health professionals or workers
  2. Personal relationships
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13
Q

Outline biological factors relating to health

A
  1. acute or chronic
  2. Severity, life threatening, terminal
    3,.stigma
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14
Q

Outline illness related impact that people with chronic illness must adjust to

A
  1. symptoms of disease
  2. Stress of treatment
  3. feeling of vulnerability
  4. loss of control
  5. threat to self esteem
    6.changes in family structure
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15
Q

Outline psychological impact of chronic illness to the family adjustments

A
  1. increased stress.
  2. change in nature of the relationship
  3. change in family structure
  4. loss of income
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16
Q

List common coping strategies

A
  1. seek information
  2. seeek practical solutions
  3. seek social support
    4.Aquisation of new skills
  4. develop new interests
    6.Helping others
17
Q

State ABNORMAL REACTIONS to illness

A
  1. Generalized anxiety disorders
    *panic attacks
    *phobia
    *OCD

2.PTSD : MOOD disorders, seasonal attention disorder

  1. Behavioral disorders:
    *substance abuse, eating disorder and poor adherence to treatment
  2. persistence of initial reactions
  3. somatization
  4. common functional symptoms and syndromes
    * fibromyalgia
    *chronic fatigue
    *chronic low back pain
    *non cardiac chest pain
    *irritable bowel syndrome
    *indigestion (dyspepsia)
    *dizziness, insomnia, headache and palpitation
18
Q

Outline adjustments to HIV AND AIDS

A
  1. Stigma
  2. concerned about who in their social network they can tell
  3. Increased anxiety, depression and coping problems
19
Q

Outline adjustments to diabetes

A
  1. Social support: can result in increased adherence
  2. Self efficacy: can result in increased self management
  3. Self image : may be a problem especially in adolescents
  4. Stress: results in less insulin and more glucose consumption
20
Q

outline the role of psychology in helping people with HIV AND AIDS

A
  1. Psychology impact on HIV
    2.Adherence of medical regimes
    3.increased family support

PREVENTION
*behavioral measure
*personality / coping

21
Q

Outline psychological challenges due to illness

A
  1. stigma
  2. morbidity and mortality issues
    * death and dying
    *loss of independence
    *impact on family and friends
    *treatment side effects
22
Q

State the role of health worker in helping patients with chronic illness

A
  1. Research
  2. intervention
    *illness conceptualization
    *adherence counselling
    *family dynamics
    *treatment and side effects management
    *increases adherence
    *stress management
    *support work
23
Q

State the role of doctors in helping chronically ill patients

A

Resource person / facilitator
1. Assessment of needs
* history
*physical examination
*emergency contact
*shoulder to cry on

  1. Arranges medical investigations
  2. interpretes them to the patients

ALSO PROVIDE NON SPECIALIST TREATMENT
* drugs
*counselling
SPECIALIST TREATMENT
*Cognitive brain therapy
*psychriatic referral

24
Q

State 3 contributing factors to the coping process and outcome of illness

A

1.Background and personal factors
*Degree of illness acceptance
*Degree of lifestyle and functional impairment

2.Illness related factors
*Demographic: Age, Gender, SES
*Personality: Negative affectivity vs hardiness

3.Physical, social and environmental factors
*Social support: instrumental and emotional

SOM 207 (18 decks)

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