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Botanical Medicine > Week 2: Plant morphology > Flashcards

Week 2: Plant morphology Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of roots

A

Taproot
fibrous roots
adventitious roots

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2
Q

taproot

A

large primary root that extends straight down and tapers gradually

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3
Q

Fibrous root

A

many roots extends down from the stem

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4
Q

adventitious roots

A

arise rom non root tissue ( usu from stem)

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5
Q

Stems

A

Framework of a plant that supports leaves, flowers, and other structures.
A conduit for exchange of water, nutrients, sap
Can act as a place for storage of fuel
Can be an area of photosynthesis in green stems.

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6
Q

internal features of plants

A

epidermis
cortex
vascular tissue
pith

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7
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer of wax rated cells

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8
Q

cortex

A

tissue between the epidermis and the phloem

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9
Q

vascular tissue of plants

A

-carry water, nutrients, and photosynthates through the plant

Xylem
Cambium
Phloem

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10
Q

Xylem

A

caries water and minerals from the roots upward through the plant

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11
Q

Cambium

A

a single-cell layer of dividing tissue that creates the xylem on one side and the phloem on the other

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12
Q

Phloem

A

carries sugar down through the plant

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13
Q

Pith

A

the center of the stem that can be woody and dense chambered or hollow

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14
Q

Dicotyledon stems

A

see slide images

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15
Q

external features of plants

A 
terminal bub
lateral bud
bud scales 
naked bud
 leaf scar
bundle scar
terminal bud
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16
Q

Terminal bud

A

but at the tip of the stem

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17
Q

lateral bud

A

grow from leaf axis on the side of a stem

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18
Q

bud scales

A

modified leaves that protect the bud

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19
Q

naked bud

A

a bud w.o scales

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20
Q

leaf scar

A

mark left where least was attached

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21
Q

bundle scar

A

the mark left where the vascular bundles passed though

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22
Q

terminal bud scale scare

A

The area where the previous year’s terminal bud scales were attached. This shows the growth pattern from year to year.

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23
Q

Bulb

A

underground storage leaves attached at a base

24
Q

corm

A

short, thickened underground stem with scales that form a tunic. Corms are solid rather than having rings like an onion or cloves like garlic.

25
Q

crown

A

a compressed stem with leaves above and roots below

26
Q

stolon

A

– horizontal, above-ground runner that sets down roots or generates a plantlet at its nodes.

27
Q

Rhizome

A

– horizontally growing underground stems

not actually a root

28
Q

twining stem

A

used for climbing, some twist clockwise, some counter clockwise

29
Q

tuber

A

an enlarged rhizome containing stored food. These structures have “eyes,” or modified buds dotted around them.

30
Q

tuberous stem

A

– a storage stem with buds only on the “up” side.

31
Q

external features of leaves

A

blade
petiole
margin
stipule

32
Q

blade

A

the flattened part of the leaf

33
Q

petiole

A

stalk of the leaf

34
Q

margin

A

may be lobed toothed smooth etc

35
Q

stipule

A

leaf-life appendages at the base of the leaf

36
Q

what are the possible arrangements of stems

A

opposite
alternate
whorl
rosette

37
Q

opposite leaves

A

on opposite sides the stem at the same level

38
Q

Alternate leaves

A

leaved at alternating levels on the stem ( staggered)

39
Q

whorl leaves

A

3 or more leaves at the same level of the stem

40
Q

Rosette leaves

A

a spiral pattern of attachments around the stem

41
Q

leaf arrangement on petiole

A
  • simple
  • palmately compound
  • pinnately compound
  • double pinnately compound
42
Q

Simple leaf

A

blade is on continuous unit

43
Q

palmately compound

A

multiple leaflets radiation from a central point

44
Q

pinnately compound

A

leaflets arranged on both sides of a common rachis ( stalk)

45
Q

couple pinnately compound

A

common sub stalks and stalks

46
Q

Flower parts

A 
pistil
stamen
petal
sepals
receptacle
pedicel
47
Q

Pistil

A

female organ
Stigma – often sticky projection that receives pollen
Style – tissue between the stigma and the ovary
Ovary – contains ovules (unfertilized, immature seeds) and embryo sacs

48
Q

stamen

A

male organ
Anther – pollen-producing organs
Filament – stalk supporting the anthers

49
Q

Petals

A

collectively form the corolla

50
Q

sepals

A

protective, leaf like covering for the flower bud collectively form the calyx

51
Q

receptacle

A

base of the flower

52
Q

pedicel

A

the stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence

53
Q

Inflorescence

A

arrangment of lowers on a stem

54
Q

what are some inflorescence

A 
solitary
raceme
spike
umbels
corymb
55
Q

Cyme

A

a determinate inflorescence, inner flowers opening first

Botanical Medicine (7 decks)

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