Week 2: Plant morphology

Question 1

3 types of roots

Answer 1

Taproot
fibrous roots
adventitious roots

Question 2

taproot

Answer 2

large primary root that extends straight down and tapers gradually

Question 3

Fibrous root

Answer 3

many roots extends down from the stem

Question 4

adventitious roots

Answer 4

arise rom non root tissue ( usu from stem)

Question 5

Stems

Answer 5

Framework of a plant that supports leaves, flowers, and other structures.
A conduit for exchange of water, nutrients, sap
Can act as a place for storage of fuel
Can be an area of photosynthesis in green stems.

Question 6

internal features of plants

Answer 6

epidermis
cortex
vascular tissue
pith

Question 7

epidermis

Answer 7

outer layer of wax rated cells

Question 8

cortex

Answer 8

tissue between the epidermis and the phloem

Question 9

vascular tissue of plants

Answer 9

-carry water, nutrients, and photosynthates through the plant

Xylem
Cambium
Phloem

Question 10

Xylem

Answer 10

caries water and minerals from the roots upward through the plant

Question 11

Cambium

Answer 11

a single-cell layer of dividing tissue that creates the xylem on one side and the phloem on the other

Question 12

Phloem

Answer 12

carries sugar down through the plant

Question 13

Pith

Answer 13

the center of the stem that can be woody and dense chambered or hollow

Question 14

Dicotyledon stems

Answer 14

see slide images

Question 15

external features of plants

Answer 15

terminal bub
lateral bud
bud scales 
naked bud
 leaf scar
bundle scar
terminal bud

Question 16

Terminal bud

Answer 16

but at the tip of the stem

Question 17

lateral bud

Answer 17

grow from leaf axis on the side of a stem

Question 18

bud scales

Answer 18

modified leaves that protect the bud

Question 19

naked bud

Answer 19

a bud w.o scales

Question 20

leaf scar

Answer 20

mark left where least was attached

Question 21

bundle scar

Answer 21

the mark left where the vascular bundles passed though

Question 22

terminal bud scale scare

Answer 22

The area where the previous year’s terminal bud scales were attached. This shows the growth pattern from year to year.

Question 23

Bulb

Answer 23

underground storage leaves attached at a base

Question 24

corm

Answer 24

short, thickened underground stem with scales that form a tunic. Corms are solid rather than having rings like an onion or cloves like garlic.

Question 25

crown

Answer 25

a compressed stem with leaves above and roots below

Question 26

stolon

Answer 26

– horizontal, above-ground runner that sets down roots or generates a plantlet at its nodes.

Question 27

Rhizome

Answer 27

– horizontally growing underground stems | not actually a root

Question 28

twining stem

Answer 28

used for climbing, some twist clockwise, some counter clockwise

Question 29

tuber

Answer 29

an enlarged rhizome containing stored food. These structures have “eyes,” or modified buds dotted around them.

Question 30

tuberous stem

Answer 30

– a storage stem with buds only on the “up” side.

Question 31

external features of leaves

Answer 31

blade petiole margin stipule

Question 32

blade

Answer 32

the flattened part of the leaf

Question 33

petiole

Answer 33

stalk of the leaf

Question 34

margin

Answer 34

may be lobed toothed smooth etc

Question 35

stipule

Answer 35

leaf-life appendages at the base of the leaf

Question 36

what are the possible arrangements of stems

Answer 36

opposite alternate whorl rosette

Question 37

opposite leaves

Answer 37

on opposite sides the stem at the same level

Question 38

Alternate leaves

Answer 38

leaved at alternating levels on the stem ( staggered)

Question 39

whorl leaves

Answer 39

3 or more leaves at the same level of the stem

Question 40

Rosette leaves

Answer 40

a spiral pattern of attachments around the stem

Question 41

leaf arrangement on petiole

Answer 41

- simple - palmately compound - pinnately compound - double pinnately compound

Question 42

Simple leaf

Answer 42

blade is on continuous unit

Question 43

palmately compound

Answer 43

multiple leaflets radiation from a central point

Question 44

pinnately compound

Answer 44

leaflets arranged on both sides of a common rachis ( stalk)

Question 45

couple pinnately compound

Answer 45

common sub stalks and stalks

Question 46

Flower parts

Answer 46

``` pistil stamen petal sepals receptacle pedicel ```

Question 47

Pistil

Answer 47

female organ Stigma – often sticky projection that receives pollen Style – tissue between the stigma and the ovary Ovary – contains ovules (unfertilized, immature seeds) and embryo sacs

Question 48

stamen

Answer 48

male organ Anther – pollen-producing organs Filament – stalk supporting the anthers

Question 49

Petals

Answer 49

collectively form the corolla

Question 50

sepals

Answer 50

protective, leaf like covering for the flower bud collectively form the calyx

Question 51

receptacle

Answer 51

base of the flower

Question 52

pedicel

Answer 52

the stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence

Question 53

Inflorescence

Answer 53

arrangment of lowers on a stem

Question 54

what are some inflorescence

Answer 54

``` solitary raceme spike umbels corymb ```

Question 55

Cyme

Answer 55

a determinate inflorescence, inner flowers opening first