Week 2 Part 2 Flashcards
What two spines does a baby have to fit through to be delivered? “The smallest diameter of the pelvis”
Ischial spines
What are the three parts of a true pelvis?
- Pelvic Inlet
- Mid Pelvis
- Pelvic Outlet
What is the narrowest part of the pelvis?
Pelvic Outlet
What happens when the baby’s head emerges?
The baby’s skull bones overlap, and looks pink/bluish
When does the posterior fontanelle usually close?
6 weeks
When does the anterior fontanelle usually close?
18 months
What is fetal attitude?
degree of body flexion, relationship of fetal parts to one another
What fetal attitudes will not fit down the pelvis?
Military, Extension
Which fetal attitudes will fit down pelvis?
Flexion, hyperextension
What is the fetal lie?
Relationship of fetal spine to maternal spine
Which fetal lie ARE able to fit down pelvis?
vertex presentation
Which fetal lies are usually UNABLE to fit down the pelvis?
breech presentation
Shoulder presentation
What is the fetal presentation?
The part of fetus entering the pelvis first
What are the three main fetal presentations?
- Head (cephalic)
- Breech
- Shoulder
What is the fetal position?
The body part of the fetus that enters the pelvic inlet first.
When describing the position of the baby in labor, what does the first letter mean?
Side of mom’s pelvis that presenting part is directed towards. R/L
When describing the position of the baby in labor, what does the second letter mean?
Fetal presenting part. O=Occiput (back of head)**on test M=Mentum (chin) S=Sacrum (bottom) Sc=Scapula (shoulder)
When describing the position of the baby in labor, what does the third letter mean?
Location of presenting part in relation to front or back of maternal pelvis.
A=anterior
P=posterior
T=transverse
What is the fetal station?
The relationship of the top of the presenting part to an imaginary line between the ischial spines
What fetal station is 3cm above spines?
-3
What is fetal station 2 cm below spines?
+2
What is fetal station at level of spines?
0
What fetal station will the head be at, when it’s said to be “engaged”
0 station
What are the two maternal forces of labor?
Primary force: Involuntary uterine contractions
Secondary force: Voluntary use of abdominal muscles during second stage
Which stage of labor does a woman push?
2nd stage
What is cervical effacement?
The softening and thinning of tissues in the cervix.
When doing a vaginal exam, what would the nurse or dr report?
- Station
- % Effacement
- Dilation
What are three factors of a uterine contraction?
- Duration (length of contraction)
- Frequency (time from onset of one to onset of next)
- Intensity (strength of contraction)
When measuring contractions, when do we measure from?
Beginning of one, to the beginning of the next
What are three maternal labor positions?
- Squatting position
- Semi-sitting position
- Semi-reclining
What are 6 signs indicating labor is near?
- Lightening (baby dropping/moving down)
- Bloody show
- Cervical ripening
- Stronger Braxton Hicks
- Energy burst
- Spontaneous rupture of membranes (SROM)
When does lightening happen for first time moms compared to those who have birthed before?
Earlier for first-time moms
When is it true labor?
When contractions are increasingly regular, longer, stronger and more frequent
What are the four stages of labor?
- Onset of labor to complete dilation/10cm
- Complete dilation to birth
- Birth to expulsion of placenta
- First few hours after birth
