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202A Exam One > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal weight gain during pregnancy?

A

25-35 pounds

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2
Q

If one is underweight, what weight gain is recommended?

A

28-40 pounds

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3
Q

If one is overweight, what weight gain is recommended?

A

15-25 pounds

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4
Q

If one is obese, what weight gain is recommended?

A

11-20 pounds

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5
Q

In the 1st and 2nd trimesters, who is mainly growing?

A

The mother

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6
Q

In the 3rd trimester, who is mainly growing?

A

The fetus

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7
Q

If a mother’s weight gain is too high–what are some ]health risks?

A
  1. High birth weight

2. Cephalopelvic disproportion

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8
Q

If a mother’s weight gain is too low–what are some health risks?

A
  1. Malnourishment

2. Low birth weight infant.

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9
Q

For a pregnant woman, what nutritional needs are increased?

A
  1. Calories
  2. Protein
  3. Iron
  4. Vitamin A and C
  5. Folate/Folic Acid
  6. 6-8 glasses of water/fluids daily
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10
Q

What are the daily recommended servings for pregnant women?

A

1/2 plate of fruits and vegetables
Healthy proteins
Low-fat dairy, plant oils
Water/milk

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11
Q

What four types of food should pregnant women avoid?

A
  1. Fish at top of food chain
  2. Raw or undercooked meat or fish
  3. Hot dogs/deli meat
  4. Unpasteurized cheeses
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12
Q

How often can pregnant women have fish?

A

No more than 2x per week

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13
Q

What is Pica?

A

Craving for non-food substances like clay, soil, laundry starch, ice, ashes, plaster, crayons, baking soda, cornstarch, soap, chalk)

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14
Q

What might Pica indicate?

A

Nutrient deficiencies and anemia

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15
Q

What does Gravidity mean? Gravida

A

The number of times a woman has been pregnant, including current pregnancy (twins count as one pregnancy)

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16
Q

What does Parity mean?

A

The number of pregnancies delivered past 20 weeks.

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17
Q

What does GTPAL method provide?

A

Details of obstetric history

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18
Q

GTPAL means?

A 
Gravity
Term
Preterm
Abortion
Living
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19
Q

Abortion means what, in GPTAL?

A

Number of pregnancies ending before 20 weeks

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20
Q

What does TAB mean?

A

Therapeutic abortion

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21
Q

What does SAB mean?

A

Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)

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22
Q

What does viability mean?

A

Ability to survive outside of the uterus

23
Q

What does nulli mean?

A

Never

24
Q

What does Postdate/postterm mean?

A

Pregnancy greater than 42 weeks

25
Q

At the first prenatal visit, what would they do?

A
  1. Complete health history

2. Physical Assessment

26
Q

Why do we gather so much information at the first prenatal visit about the patient?

A

To identify risk factors so we can intervene

27
Q

What are 9 initial prenatal lab tests a pregnant woman is recommended to take?

A 
CBC
Blood type/Rh
Urinalysis
Rubella titer
Hepatitis B
HIV
STI testing
TB test
Glucose (fasting, HbA1c, random)
28
Q

How often do pregnant women have prenatal visits throughout the pregnancy?

A

1-28 weeks: q4 weeks
28-36 weeks: q2 weeks
37 weeks-birth: weekly

29
Q

During a prenatal visit, what do we teach?

A

Physical changes and warning signs

30
Q

What are 6 follow-up lab tests a pregnant woman might be recommended to take?

A 
Repeat Hct/Hgb
Antibody titer if Rh negative
Group B strep screen
Glucose screening 2nd trimester
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP)
Ultrasound--may be ordered at any time for variety of reasons
31
Q

When is fetal movement counted?

A

Beginning at 28 weeks

32
Q

What three factors affect fetal movement?

A
  1. Fetal sleep
  2. Time of day
  3. Maternal drug use
33
Q

What is the typical kick count protocol?

A

10 movements/2 hours

34
Q

When is a pregnant woman advised to call the provider regarding fetal movement?

A

If there is less than 10 movements in 2 hours
If the fetus has not moved all day
If there is noticeable change in quality/quantity of fetal activity

35
Q

If the woman is Rh negative, what do they want to know?

A

If she has any antibodies to Rh positive blood.

36
Q

What are two types of ultrasonography?

A
  1. Abdominal

2. Transvaginal

37
Q

When is AFP screening test done on maternal blood?

A

16-18 weeks

38
Q

What might low levels of AFP indicate?

A

Down syndrome: “Low is Down”

39
Q

What might high levels of AFP indicate?

A

Neural tube defect, such as spina bifida

40
Q

If AFP is abnormal, what might the Dr order?

A
  1. Repeat AFP
  2. High level ultrasound
  3. Amniocentesis
41
Q

What is amniocentesis?

A

An ultrasound-guided amniotic fluid collection for analysis

42
Q

What are four indications for amniocentesis?

A
  1. Assess for genetic defects 2nd trimester (recommended at age 35 and older)
  2. Assess fetal lung maturity in 3rd trimester
  3. Check for uterine infection
  4. Monitor severity of maternal Rh sensitization in Rh negative women
43
Q

What will all Rh negative women receive after an amniocentesis?

A

RhoGAM

44
Q

How common are complications from amniocentesis?

A

0.5%

45
Q

What is a Non-Stress Test?

A

A noninvasive assessment of fetal well-being

46
Q

When is a non-stress test valid?

A

After 28 weeks

47
Q

What are three indications for a non-stress test?

A

Post-term
Diabetic woman
Decreased fetal movement

48
Q

How does one do a non-stress test? NST

A

Apply fetal monitor ultrasound and evaluate the fetal heart rate in response to its own movement

49
Q

What is the desired result for a NST?

A

At least 2 accelerations 15 bpm above baseline, lasting at least 15 seconds in a 20 minute period.
Normal baseline rate

50
Q

If NST is nonreactive, what could this be the result of?

A

Fetal acidosis

Fetal sleep cycle

51
Q

What is a biophysical profile? BPP

A

Real time ultrasound assessment of fetus

52
Q

What is evaluated and scored during a BPP? Each gets a 2 or a 0

A 
Non-Stress Test
Fetal breathing movements
Fetal body movements
Fetal tone
Amniotic fluid volume
53
Q

What are the scores for BPP?

A

8-10= normal
6= Equivocal
4 or less=abnormal, will have further tests or delivery ASAP

54
Q

What is the normal heartbeat range of a fetus?

A

120-160

202A Exam One (3 decks)

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