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Physiological Psychology (PSYCH5079) > WEEK 2: NEURONS > Flashcards

WEEK 2: NEURONS Flashcards

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1
Q

What percentage of the mass of the brain is the cerebral cortex?

A

81.8%

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2
Q

What percentage of the neurons in the brain are in the cerebral cortex?

A

19%

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3
Q

What percentage of the mass of the brain is cerebellum?

A

10.3%

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4
Q

What percentage of the neurons in the brain are in the cerebellum?

A

80.2%

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5
Q

How many neurons are there in the brain?

A

86.06 billion

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6
Q

How many cells are there in the brain?

A

~170.68 billion

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7
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

DNA

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8
Q

What do mitochondria provide to a cell?

A

Energy

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9
Q

Soma

A

Cell body

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10
Q

Draw the structure of a cell body

A
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11
Q

Axon

A

Connects neuron to other neurons

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12
Q

Axon hillock

A

Joins axon to cell body

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13
Q

Presynaptic terminal

A

Meets postsynaptic terminal of another neuron to communicate

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14
Q

Dendrites

A
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15
Q

Draw a neuron

A
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16
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps of exposed axon between myelin

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17
Q

What function do the Nodes of Ranvier perform?

A

Allow the signal to jump along the axon

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18
Q

Myelin

A

–Fatty substance
–Insulates neurons

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19
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Myelin forms sheath that insulates the axon

20
Q

How do signals travel down the axon?

A

By jumping between the unexposed parts

21
Q

Draw a unipolar neuron

A
22
Q

Draw a bipolar neuron

A
23
Q

Draw a multipolar neuron

A
24
Q

Draw a pyramidal neuron

A
25
Q

Draw a cell connected to another cell

A
26
Q

Action potential (2)

A

–Brief change in electrical potential across the membrane of an axon
–Causes inside of neuron to become +ve charged

27
Q

What voltage is resting membrane potential?

A

-70 million volts

28
Q

Graph how membrane potential changes when a neuron is activated

A
29
Q

At rest, are there more positively or negatively charged ions in a neuronal membrane?

A

Negative

30
Q

What 2 negative ions are there in a neuron?

A

Cl- = chloride
A- = anions

31
Q

What 3 positive ions are there in a neuron?

A

Na+ = sodium
Ca2+ = calcium
K+ = potassium

32
Q

At rest, are there more positively or negatively charged ions outside a membrane?

A

Positive

33
Q

What is an ion pump?

A

–Inside membrane
–Fit specific ions
–Move ions around to change concentration of +ve and -ve

34
Q

Describe action potential (5)

A

–Neuron stimulated -> Membrane potential changes
–Ion pumps -> sodium enters, potassium exits
–+ve ions -> -70 millivolts to +20
–Sodium stops entering, potassium keeps exiting
–+ve ions decrease until resting state

35
Q

Where is action potential triggered?

A

At each Node of Ranvier

36
Q

What happens when action potential gets to the terminal?

A

Neurotransmitters released

37
Q

Depolarization (3)

A

–Sodium enters membrane
–Potassium exits
–Concentration of +ve ions increases

38
Q

What’s one important effect of the refractory period?

A

Signal can only travel in one direction down a neuron

39
Q

Absolute refractory period

A

–Neuron can’t be stimulated
–Another signal won’t great through

40
Q

Relative refractory period

A

–Neuron can be stimulated
–Requires stronger signal

41
Q

Draw the phases of action potential

A
42
Q

Repolarization (of membrane)

A

–Sodium stops entering
–Potassium exits
–Concentration of +ve ions decreases

43
Q

What type of cell does the immune system attack in MS?

A

Ogliodendrocytes

44
Q

What do ogliodendrocytes create?

A

Myelin

45
Q

What does MS do to signals passing along neurons?

A

Damages or disrupts

46
Q

Rising phase

A

Sodium enters

47
Q

Falling phase

A

Potassium exits

Physiological Psychology (PSYCH5079) (4 decks)

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