Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOM1060 > Week 2; Neural communication > Flashcards

Week 2; Neural communication Flashcards

1
Q

2 different types of channels

A
  1. leakage channels (always open)
  2. gated channels (can be opened)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 different types of gated channels

A
  1. chemically gated channels (neurotransmitter attaches to receptor)
  2. Voltage gated channels (change in membrane potential promotes the opening and closing of the gate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 types of signals

A
  1. Graded potentials, short-term localised changes in membrane potential
  2. Action potential, long distance signals of axons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Depolarisation

A
  • decrease in membrane potential (moves toward 0 and above)
  • Na+ travels into cell through voltage gated channels, depolarising adjacent active sites
  • Inside of the membrane being more positive than the resting membrane potential
  • higher possibility of an action potential being created
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hyperpolarisation

A
  • increase in membrane potential (away from 0)
  • movement of K+ down their concentration gradient and to the outside of the cell
  • makes the inside of the cell more negative
  • lowers the possibility of producing an action potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 steps in an action potential

A
  1. resting state
  2. depolarisation
  3. repolarisation
  4. hyperpolarisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stages in voltage gated Na+ channels

A
  1. closed at resting membrane potential
  2. open by depolarisation
  3. close by inactivation gate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

stages in voltage gated K+ channels

A
  1. closed at resting state
  2. open by depolarisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 types of refractory periods

A

Absolute refractory period; Time taken between start and reset of Na+ channels
Relative refractory period; includes absolute time period, but AP can be produced during this time, only, more stimulus is needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is conduction velocity?

A

the speed at which an action potential moves down an axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is myelination?
What are the nodes of ranvier?
Why does myelin speed up conduction velocity?

A
  1. Myelin sheath is the plasma membrane of Schwann cells (PNS) and oligodendrocytes (CNS).
  2. Gaps in myelin are called nodes of ranvier, in these gaps are voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels
  3. Myelin provides insulin and stops any leakages, it ensures the electrical current stays in the cell and it does not need to be regenerated over time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 types of conduction

A
  1. continuous conduction
    - non myelinated, slow
    - needs to be regenerated along the length of the axon
  2. salatory conduction
    - myelinated, fast
    - does not decay and does not need to be regenerated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Synapse definition

A

a junction that allows electrical signals to be transported from one cell to another. This occurs between a presynaptic and a post synaptic cell, where there is a neuron and an ‘effector’ cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

two different types of synaptic connections

A
  1. axodendritic - between an axon and dendrites
  2. axosomatic - between axons and soma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

6 steps in a chemical synapse

A
  1. action potential arrives at the action potential
  2. voltage gated calcium channels open and Ca enters axon terminal
  3. Ca entry causes synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitters via exocytosis
  4. neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific receptors on the post synaptic membrane
  5. binding of neurotransmitters cause chemically gated channels to open, resulting in graded potentials
  6. neurotransmitter effects are terminated by uptake through transport proteins, and diffusion away from synapse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the definition of post synaptic potentials?

A

the binding of a neurotransmitter to a post synaptic receptor will be causing graded potentials, either EPSP or IPSP

17
Q

EPSP

A
  • depolarisation
  • na moving into cell more than k is moving out
  • brings membrane potential closer to 0 and to the threshold
  • action potential
18
Q

IPSP

A
  • hyperpolarisation
  • k moving out or chloride moving in
  • brings membrane potential away from threshold
  • no action potential
19
Q

What is summation?

A

The addition of all the EPSP and IPSP, decides if there will be an action potential

20
Q

Why would there be no summation?

A

An EPSP only lasts a few milliseconds, if they are too far apart, not continuous, and do not ‘keep’/’catch’ up together, no summation therefore, no ap

21
Q

What is temporal summation?

A
  • time
  • An EPSP only lasts a few milliseconds, if they are too far apart, not continuous, and do not ‘keep’/’catch’ up together, no summation therefore, no ap
22
Q

What is spatial summation?

A
  • EPSP are generated by neurons from different locations
  • Two or more pre synaptic neurons simultaneously have AP
23
Q

what is cancellation?

A

EPSP and IPSP can also summate, they will try to cancel each other out

BIOM1060 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions