Week 2- Models of Dependence

Question 1

Moral Model

Answer 1

based on religious perspective of evil, places responsibility on persons moral makeup, change is impossible

Question 2

Biological Model

Answer 2

drug dependence is best viewed as a physiological process and drug users as biological organisms

Question 3

Physical Dependence Model

Answer 3

Addiction is the function of the drug on the individual, process of developing physiological dependence

Question 4

Physical Dependence Model implications

Answer 4

implied once through withdrawal, the addiction is over

Question 5

The Disease/ Medical Model

Answer 5

addiction is the function of some organismic defect that predisposes one to develop addictive behaviour

Question 6

Disease Model Problems

Answer 6

unidirectional, homogeneity, rewarding properties are irrelevant, no recognition of psychological dependence, limited research support, difficult to apply to non-alcohol/drug dependence/addiction, & generalizability

Question 7

Psychological Models

Answer 7

Models which focus on the psychological process of the drug user

Question 8

Types of Psychological Models: Psychoanalytic Model

Answer 8

addictive behaviour is the manifestation of unconscious conflicts which the person is unaware & drug use has functional value

Question 9

Types of Psychological Models: Personality Trait Model

Answer 9

addictive behaviour results from a specific personality profile (there are specific personality traits that are predictive of addictive behaviour)

Question 10

Typed of Psychological Models: Social Learning Model

Answer 10

addictive behaviours are conditioned behavioural responses (learned) which consumptive behaviour (drug taking) is reinforced by positive consequences of that behaviour (direct reinforcement or indirect social consequences)

Question 11

Social Learning Model Types

Answer 11

Tension reduction hypothesis, social learning, modelling/imitative behaviour

Question 12

Biopsychosocial Model

Answer 12

accommodates multi-causal nature of addiction (pretty much everything from holistics)

Question 13

Sociocultural Models

Answer 13

addictive behaviour is a function of cultural and situational determinant (i.e., the outside individual)

Question 14

Social Determinants of Health

Answer 14

Culture, Income&Social Status, Social Support Networks, Education&Literacy, Employment/Working Conditions, Social/Physical Environments, Personal Health Practices&Coping Skills, Healthy child development, Biology&Genes, Health Services & Gender